Thermodynamics

This module will help you understand the applications of temperature measurement in industry as well as help you develop skills to convert temperature between common scales. It also discusses the thermal expansion principles used by some temperature measurement instruments. You will also learn about thermal contact and its effect on the accuracy and response time of temperature sensors, and about thermowells and their purpose. Objective One When you have completed this objective, you will be…

Table of Contents 1. Fluid Mechanics 1.1 Main Branches 1.1.1 Fluid Statics 1.1.2 Fluid Dynamics 1.2 Non-Newtonian and Newtonian Fluids 1.3 Fluids in technology 1.4 Fluid mechanics serving role in society 2. Capillary Effect 3. Self Perpetual motion 1. Fluid mechanics Fluid mechanics is related to the fluids that are in motion and forces acting on them. Fluid mechanics has two branches fluid statics and fluid dynamics. In Fluid Mechanics we actually observe fluid motion and…

as they evaporate. However, this concept, called Hawking radiation, fails to explain how black holes would equalize with the space around it. The black hole would only emit energy outward and not do so inward, contradicting the basic tenet of thermodynamics of energy conservation. The solution is found in negative energy, as it flows inward to balance out the energy within the black hole. The black hole’s gravitation itself produces a certain amount of negative energy by dragging the particles…

All the materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received unless otherwise stated. Reaction (1) How to make Sodium Azo-Tetrazolate--Pentahydrate (SAT) Approximately 2.15 g of Aminotetrazolate monohydrate was added to approximately 62.5 ml of 2 M sodium hydroxide. While being stirred, the solution was heated, increasing its temperature up 10 degrees Celsius, up to 60 degrees Celsius. Over a one hour time period, potassium…

• To be a mechanical engineer one has to learn various system components, from computer programming to power systems, and cover technical subjects, such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and hydraulics. They also need to gain a basic understanding of civil, electrical, and chemical engineering. A solid foundation in study techniques and technological applications is needed to identify problems and then come up with effective ways…

Ciminelli and Osseo-Asare, 1995; Lowson, 1982). Anderson (1951) reported 26 kJ/mol in the study of oxidation kinetics of galena (PbS) while Stenhouse and Armstrong (1952) reported an activation energy of 20 kJ/mol for the alkaline oxidation of pyrite. Koslides and Ciminelli (1992) suggested that during alkaline oxidation of sulphides, there is a change from chemical (activation energy > 40 kJ/mol) to diffusion (activation energy < 40 kJ/mol) control as the rate determining step when…

The TG and DTA curves obtained for the compounds (C1-C5) are shown in Figure 9. Table 4 lists the results of the thermal studies of these compounds with the initial and final temperatures (ºC), assignments of each decomposition stage based on mass calculation and DTA peaks. These assignments (Δm - Calcd.) are based on the structural fragments from the theoretical formulae of the compounds (C1–C5). This implies that the groups proposed in the right column of Table 4 are not necessarily the…

The heat exchanger design is an optimization engineering problem, to approach the best solution for sizing and selection of a heat exchanger and also to analyze its thermal performance. A properly sized heat exchanger should incorporate excess capacity to account for fouling that will occur during operation but too much oversizing results in higher manufacturing and installation costs. The most appropriate metric to describe the performance of a heat exchanger is its thermal capacity, which is…

Are you creative, breadth of knowledge, versatile and want to make the world more efficient with your creativity? If the answer is yes, let me tell you that Mechanical Engineering would be ideal for you. Mechanical Engineers create, design and manufacture all types of objects. They ensure that the designs function safely, efficiently, and reliably; Engineers make a enormous difference to our world to meet human needs. Given these points, to become an engineer it takes desire and dedication.…

Energy profile of exothermic reaction Energy profile of endothermic reaction A)Doc Brown (2016) B)Doc Brown (2016) Thermodynamic reactions occur when there is a difference of energy during a chemical reaction. There are two types; Firstly, Exothermic reactions; This is when the initial reactants use less energy to break their existing bonds, than what energy was required to make the new bonds. The extra heat is spreads out into the surroundings (see above diagram A) An…