Thermodynamics

1. Introduction Oxy Acetylene welding is one of many kinds of welding. The fundamental process is to joint two parts of metal becoming one part by a high temperature. The thermal flame is created by using the mixing of oxygen and acetylene gas (anthonycastronovo, nd) 2. Compatible materials are used for oxy acetylene welding: - Mild steel Aluminum, stainless steel, copper and brass. However these things are suitable for brazing process (anthonycastronovo, nd) 3. Before the welding procedure…

Ferroelectricity Among the ferroelectric materials, the static dielectric constant depends on the temperature under the relation: Curie – Weiss relation: €r = P + Q/ (T-Tc), (T> Tc), P, Q are constants temperature independent. C = Curie constant Tc = Curie temperature A transition in phase is observed at temperature Tc. Above this, the material remains in Paraelectric phase (the phase where the elementary dipoles of different crystal unit cells are…

Many people wonder what the best conditions are for growing crystals. Crystals are ordinarily made out of silicon dioxide molecules formed into an interlaced pattern ,or quartz, moreover sodium with chlorine ions interweaved (Science Line). Crystals are often found in mines everywhere, rocks, or even in your own home. These beautiful minerals are very intriguing. It is a worthwhile subject to research. My scientific question is in “In what temperature do crystals grow the longest ?”My hypothesis…

Introduction It is generally believed that most buildings are constructed with typical materials such as concrete, wood, and steel. It is true because those materials provide structural safety according to the building’s height, size, or usage. In Ontario area, tremendous buildings are located and have been getting high-rise and ecologic. While usual people think in terms of common envelope system of buildings as curtain-wall or concrete, from my perspective, Terrence Donelly Centre in…

Many of us want to be more green and help the environment but are just not sure how to go about making a positive impact on the world we live in. Luckily, we have some advice for those who wish to reduce their carbon footprint while retaining the same quality of life. We recommend first doing the research and finding fresh ways to green your living space. There are small steps that everyone can take that reduce your negative impact on the environment. Lastly, being green doesnt have to mean…

In physics, energy is usually described as the ability of a system to perform work. However, this definition is often challenged because of the many different forms energy can hold. There have been definitions derived which are more suitable to certain contexts. Thermal energy is a more specific energy explored in this investigation process. Thermal energy is one of the types of energy which can be defined by ‘the ability to perform work’. It is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy…

EXPERIMENT # 1 INVESTIGATION OF FOURIER’S LAW FOR LINEAR CONDUCTION IN ONE DIMENSION ALONG A SINGLE BAR Theory: Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction: It states that, “Flow of heat per unit is proportional to the temperature difference per unit length.” i.e. Q ̇/A=-k(dT/dx) By re-writing above relation, Q=dT/(dx/kA) Where, dx/kA=Conductive Resistance of the material Properties of “K”: It is a material property and a function of temperature. It may be different in different orientations. Observation…

1. Introduction 1.1 Lubrication Friction is caused during machining operation at tool and chip interface. This produces the heat which affects the machining performance in terms of surface finish, dimensional accuracy, tool life and machining cost. To reduce the heat different techniques have been utilized. Earlier, during industrial revolution water was utilized as a coolant but it caused corrosion [1]. With the development of technology different cooling and lubrication techniques have come…

Hot packs and cold packs are a useful item when it comes to treating injuries. Inside a pack is salt and a certain amount of water. When you break the pack, the salt mixes with the water causing a reaction that either increases or decreases the temperature. When these salts dissolve in the water it creates a reaction that is either endothermic or exothermic. Endothermic is the absorption of heat. This is when the pack gets hotter. Exothermic is the release of heat. This is when the pack gets…

Viscosity and Flow Rate by Hasnain S. and Vinh T. What is Viscosity: Viscosity is the measurement of how fast a fluid will flow. In other words, it is the “thickness” or “thinness” of a fluid. The internal friction or resistance it has as well as the temperature in which the fluid is at determines the viscosity of the substance as well. If there is more internal resistance or friction, then the particles of the substance won’t slid past each other as easily and therefore make the substance…