Thermodynamics

Therefore, the three-dimensional unsteady heat conduction differential equation is: where T (x, t) is the temperature of the spot x at the time t and is also the coefficient of thermal diffusivity used to measure the heat transfer and storage ability of the material, which varies with temperature and position. Equation (5) gives the form of three-dimensional heat transfer function. It is generally difficult to find the analytical solution because of the complexity of the actual solution…

1.2. The ideal vapor- compression Refrigeration cycle Many of the impracticalities related with the reversed Carnot cycle can be removed by vaporizing the refrigerant completely before it is compressed and by replacing the turbine with a throttling devices, such as an expansion valve or capillary tube, The cycle that results is called the ideal vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and is shown schematically and on T-s diagram in Fig 1.2. The vapor-compression refrigeration cycle is the most…

The schematic diagram presented in Figure 1.1 illustrates the experimental rig used for the kinetic analysis of reactive flash volatilization (RFV) of acetol and guaiacol. The flow rates of oxygen and nitrogen gases were regulated using mass flow controllers (the type and serial number). Water, on the other hand, was delivered to an evaporator by a high-performance liquid chromatography pump (Agilent) at rates between 0.06 to 0.17 ml/min. The evaporator set at a temperature of 180C allowed to…

‘Shape Factor' New Concept as a Determinant The Thermal Behavior of the Domed Roof: A Comparative Study Jamal Abed Al Wahid Jassim al Sudany Department of architectural Decorating, Institute of Applied Arts, Middle Technical University-Iraq Jamal_al_sudany@yahoo.com Abstract— Domes were used extensively to cover the roofs of buildings, particularly mosque buildings; The purpose of this paper was to examine the role of the formation of domed roof of the thermal behavior of a relationship…

Piezoelectricity was discovered in1880 by Pierre and Jacques Curie, However the term piezoelectricity was coined by W.G. Henkel in 1881.G.Lippman discovered reverse process that is to say on application of electric field mechanical stresses could be developed in 1880 .Which was experimentally proven by curie brothers in 1881. Piezoelectric materials can be natural or synthetic. Natural occurring crystals include quartz, topaz, silk, wood etc. While as synthetic are quartz like, ceramic polymers…

A water jet cutter, commonly called a water jet, is a tool that uses a very high-pressure jet of water or a mixture of water and an abrasive to cut a wide variety of materials. A water jet that does not use abrasives is referred to as a pure water jet or water-only cutting [1]. For a pure water jet (Figure 1) the water is pressurized to the range of 20 - 94 ksi, 138 - 649 MPa at the inlet and forced through an orifice with a diameter of between 0.25 - 4 mm creating a very thin high velocity…

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Table of content Introduction: The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Amul effluent treatment plant, Dist. Anand having capacity to treat 400 KL/day of wastewater. A general systematic flow diagram of WWTP is shown in figure. The system was designed to handle to treat wastewater having high organic content and suspended solids. The heart of the system is Aerobic biological reactor. The system was designed to handle BOD at 20°C of 800 mg/L and Suspended Solids (SS) 250…

Heat stress may occur to human when the controlling means for internal temperature to their body starts to fail (Health and Safety Executive, 2013). There are different contributing factors to the heat stress such as temperature, amount of work performed in heat (ambient temperature), clothing worn at work and humidity. When somebody wears protective dress to perform heavy task in hot environment, can result the heat stress due to: restricting the evaporation of sweating; heat rise in body due…

8.5.3 INTERPRETATION Comment on the properties of the soil GENERAL REMARKS: This test is useful when the soil is soft and its water content is near liquid limit. The following precautions are necessary when using field vane shear tests: 1. The vane must be rotated soon (within 5 minutes) after insertion into the depth to be tested as delays of one (1) hour to one day may lead to overestimation of strength by 10% to 20% respectively. 2. Standard rate of rotation is 6 degrees per minute. 3.…