Thermal conductivity

Photovoltaic Cells Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Sustainable Alternative Energy Source As a result of all the developments made since the Industrial Revolution, humans have managed to improve the quality of life, expand human knowledge and witness a rapidly increasing population. However, along with these advancements come crucial concerns about pollution, the global climate, and energy security, all of which exacerbate each other. As the human population increases and global…

Results and dissection 3.1 Transition metal complexes of the macrocyclic, H6L Ligand 3.1.1 The macrocyclic, H6L Ligand The physical and analytical data of the macrocyclic, H6L ligand and its transition metal complexes were shown in Table 1. From the investigation, the expected structure of H6L with its possible toutomeric forms can be represented as shown in Figure 1. H6L ligand is highly symmetric under the point group C2v symmetry and can show all the normal modes of vibrations by solving…

Solid solubility is whether that solid can dissolve in specific solvent or not. When a solid dissolve, the ions that comprise the solid will disperse in the solvent thus create a different concentration distribution within the solvent solution. Thus we can view this as a flow of ion from high concentration to low concentration (there’s a flow of ions) Electrical activity is the ability for electron to travel within the material. Specific solid material molecule will have free electrons to…

Fig. 1.1 Schematic principle of Electro Chemical Machining (ECM) 1.2 Principle of ECM Electrochemical machining removes material from the work piece by electrochemical process. The working principle is anodic dissolution in which the work piece as anode and the tool as cathode. Both electrodes are immersed in the electrolyte and electrical applied to these electrodes. The electric conduction is achieved through the movements of ions between the anode and cathode through the electrolyte. The…

Multiferroic composite of 0.2 LNMFO + 0.8 BFO with LNMFO as ferrimagnetic and BFO as ferroelectric phase were prepared by the standard solid state reaction method. To prepare BFO stoichiometric amounts of high purity Bi2O3, and Fe2O3 were weighed and mixed thoroughly in acetone media for 5–6 h. The mixed powder of BFO was calcined at 800 °C in a closed alumina crucible for 4 h and then pre-sintered at 850°C for 4 h. High purity Li2CO3, NiO, MnCO3 and Fe2O3 were mixed in stoichiometric amounts to…

\par Magnesium: As aluminum has been established as a leading role in automotive industry, the use of magnesium in automobile applications is yet limited. Magnesium exhibits a poor formability whereas aluminum has superior formability at room temperature. The main features of ductile magnesium alloys are that they have homogeneous microstructure which is free of brittle inter-metallic particles and having uniform plastic deformation promoted by its grain size as well as its crystallographic…

Syngas, though has lower energy contents when compared with methane, which has been previously utilized [17-24] as reactive gas in OTR. Notwithstanding, syngas is considered in the present work due to its great stability and predictability, high thermal and electrical efficiencies, can be produced from renewable sources and has reduced carbon emissions. Mesh of 36000 grid points was generated using GAMBIT 2.4 software and the computations were carried out using the CFD commercial code FLUENT…

wet the pipe surface. Electric current is passed along the pipe for preheating (Bird, Stewart, & Lightfoot, 2002). The situation under study is about the electrical heating of a pipe with the assumptions that over a temperature range, electrical conductivity, ke (ohm-1cm-1), is constant, and that the local rate of electrical heat production, Se (E/cm3), is uniform throughout the pipe wall. Heat losses through the pipe are assumed…

FREQUENT ENOUGH THAT THE PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION IS MAXWELLIAN. 1.3 THE IDEAL MHD An ideal conducting fluid is one with infinite conductivity σ, or zero electrical resistivity η, and zero viscosity coefficients µ and ξ.In the ideal MHD approximation we regard the fluid as a perfect electrical conductor.Ideal MHD assumes no resistivity, viscosity, thermal conduction, or radiative cooling.This is a highly idealized situation, not attainable in nature; it is called ideal MHD. However, it…

over a thousand years ago but was often confused with tin and lead. It is a prevalent post transition metal, which chemically resembles arsenic or antimony. Bismuth is the most naturally diamagnetic element and has one of the lowest values of thermal conductivity among metals. [27] Bismuth is a brittle metal with a white hue, however, an iridescent oxide may form on the surface showing many colors from yellow to blue. Bismuth has a spiral…