Theory of justification

Darwinism is a scientific theory that everything in the world came from one single origin and follows a blueprint of order in a process called natural selection. Evolution by natural selection is one of the unsurpassed authenticated theories in the history of science, supported by evidence from a wide variety of scientific studies, including developmental biology, geology, genetics and paleontology. Created by Charles Darwin who wrote The Origin of Species (1859) to define his theory of…

Hume wrote this dialogue over the course of twenty five years and had it published after his death. He himself was an atheist which was not a typical view at the time, especially in England. That being said, I think he was interested in the theories and possibilities of God and how theists would reason him out. Throughout the entire dialogue, there are arguments from both Cleanthes and Philo where you can see some slight characteristics of Hume. However, I thoroughly see opinions of Hume in…

the way science progresses and both remain a part of influencer history. Thomas Kuhn’s theory of science came about in 1964, right after Popper’s theory discrediting it. Although they both have different theories Kuhn’s theory built on Popper’s that rather than to attack a theory to falsify it, the theory should be accepted and reshaped. Popper’s theory of falsification (1963) explained that before a theory can be scientifically accepted,…

The Bermuda Triangle: Pseudoscience? Coined by philosopher, Karl Popper, ‘Pseudoscience’ is a term that is prevelant and used to describe theories or even fields of study that appear scientific but are not authentically so. Much like scientific claims or theories, pseudoscientific ideas also stem from curiosity of the humankind. They tend to use seemingly scientific jargon to rationalize concepts but are often scarcely refutable and are devoid of experimentation and evidence. This essay aims to…

Unlike scientific theories, which usually states that the world came into existence randomly, the Bible gives the reader an illustration of how the world came to be. The Bible says, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth” (Gen. 1.1). Christians do not believe…

the way they see knowledge and can help in correcting or manipulating the things known. A prime example shown in the readings of Hawking’s underlines the theories in which discoveries were made and proves how affective prior knowledge can be. The use of Einstein’s predictions showed how it matched with Newton’s theory, which proved how another theory was created, this lead to many conclusions. In addition, it takes others help in improving others own knowledge, that is why one cannot truly gain…

One very impressive attack on Hume’s argument, trying to solve it with its definition, is as follows. The first premise of the argument is challenged, which is “if we want induction to be rationally justified, induction must be reliable.” Since the definition of deduction is based on the validity of an argument, which is assumed to be reliable, why couldn’t reliability be a part of the definition of induction? Induction is defined to be reliable in this attack. However, reliability cannot be a…

their different approaches. Realism, one of the oldest conglomerate of political theories that speaks on the subject, deems that there is no place for it within the international world. This paper will thoroughly explain the reason realist believe in this position and also utilize two other theories: Morality of States and Cosmopolitanism, to do a comparison of contrasting points of observation. Should a theory be understood throughly, it is vital dissect the ideology into four parts;…

(1) Discuss what makes Thales’ method of knowing distinctly philosophical (as opposed to mythology and religion). Thales method of knowing, thinking and comprehending was very much scientific, groundbreaking yet also very naturalistic at the same time. Thales method can be summed up simply by saying it is one of making observations and then justifying these observations through reason. Thales was never afraid to look for answers to questions in a very untraditional as well as at times…

As we saw previously, the possible explanation behind why some societies advanced more than others lays on two possible theories. The first, developed by Jared Diamond, argues that the environment is the principal agent behind how different societies developed. The second, explained by Lawrence E. Harrison, claims that the differences lie on certain cultural values and attitudes such as people’s sense of community, their ethical system, the exercise of authority and views about education and…