who cannot benefit you in return. For instance, a charity does not donate to its beneficiary, Nowak would imply the recipient intent is to maintain its reputation. Cooperate with others based on reputation could explain a cooperative role of moral evolution. The final reciprocity would include individuals encountered more than others. A mixed of a population where interaction is key with a variety of individuals who could potentially exhibit a similar gene of cooperative…
With that said, his theory of evolution is flawed and being a moral being disapproving of the actions of his theory is something that we as a society can do. There are four points in his theory that is flawed. The first is the failure of molecular biology to provide evidence for a grand “tree of life. The second flaw is the failure of chemistry to explain the origin of the genetic code. The third flaw is the use of embryology to support evolution. Lastly, evolution could never happen at all…
For a long term, the prevailing logic in global microbial diversity has been “everything is everywhere, but nature selects”, coming from Baas Becking’s 1934 publication, “Geobiologie of inleiding tot de milieukunde” (Baas Becking, 1934). This conclusion was based on the presumption that physical, chemical, and geographical barriers play no role in the global dispersal of microbes, which aerosolise for easy distribution. In this scenario, it would be expected that any given species of microbe…
Social Darwinism in society was established during the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. During this time period Charles Darwin believed that people or living species competed with each other or to survive within their environment that was suitable for them. When one survives then that is the environment or society they belong too. Charles Dickens wrote the novel A Christmas Carol, in the 19th century and was inspired by the circumstances London was experiencing during this time. Dickens wrote A…
Innovation in Taxi Industry Evolution of the Transport Industry: The first form of transport was, of course, Shanks pony (the human foot!). However people eventually learned to use animals for transport. Various animals were domesticated before the mechanical vehicles came into the picture. Later, in 1935 the first parking meter was installed in the USA. This acted as one of catalyst for the emergence of the Taxi Industry which is now being revolutionized by the advent of new applications.…
The natural world is a theme immediately addressed at the opening of Genesis. The principle of divine creation has been debated for centuries and modern advances in science spurred many theories attempting to prove a different age and creation of the earth. Yet Genesis 1:1 makes it unmistakably clear that God alone created the heavens and the earth. God made earth from nothing and therefore it has a definite beginning. As Genesis 1-2 continue, God’s involvement with creation is apparent as…
Artistotle/Plato (384BC-347BC): Artistotle was a Greek philosopher, born in 384BC died in 347BC. Through his work, the “Scala naturae” also called “the great chain of being”, Artistotle tried to analyze the relationship between all living things. “Scala naturae” is the earliest work of taxonomy in biology, which categorized species on Earth from the simplest to most complex. He also declared that species could not ever change over time. Nicholas Steno (1638-1686): Steno was a Danish scientist.…
In the essay Evolution as Fact and Theory by Stephen Jay Gould, he argues that generally, creationists miss use the terms “fact” and “theory” to attack the indisputable concept of evolution. He argues that the question scientists are attempting to answer is not whether evolution occurred, this is a fact as he defines it, but rather the question should be how evolution occurs. The essay begins by bringing forward the idea that old issues should be brought up only if there is new evidence. That…
In order to survive in a changing world, one needs to be willing to adapt to new ideas and customs. As Charles Darwin famously theorized, if one is resistant to change, then strength and intelligence is irrelevant to success or survival. Chinua Achebe reveals this message in Things Fall Apart. Okonkwo is unwilling to change his thoughts and outlook as evidenced by his violence towards the white men and his refusal to accept Nwoye’s conversion, which ultimately leads to his own demise. Once…
As Isaac Asimov once put it, “The physical world is a wonderful world, but it is also confusing.”(1) In the ancient times, civilizations turned to myths and/or created religions to explain natural phenomena. In other words, humans have tried, and are still trying to figure out, the universe. This inquisition started in ancient civilizations and leads up to the presents day. Facts are sorted out from fiction in this era but, in previous ones, theories arose and were spread throughout the country…