The Signal

The mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK, pathway is a chain of proteins in the cell that relays an extracellular signal from the Ras protein to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell. This pathway consists of multiple phosphorylations as MAPKKK phosphorylates and activates MAPKK which then phosphorylates and activates MAPK. At the end of this cascade, MAPK phosphorylates various effector proteins (Alberts, 557). This signaling pathway plays an important role in cells as it results in complex…

I-Kappa-B-alpha which is often abbreviated IkBa is a protein whose role is to mask the nuclear localization signals to inhibit the NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa beta) proteins by keeping them in inactive states and isolating them in the cytoplasm, this inhibits the NF-kB transcription factors and blocks the NF-kB transcription factors from binding with DNA. NF-kB is a protein complex that is responsible for controlling cytokine production, transcription of DNA, cell survival, and plays a key role…

Smoke Signals addresses many negative stereotype that represent Native Americans in cinema. The film seems to satirize these stereotypes responding to the prejudice most Native American face. It’s unique in the sense that it deviates from the typical Native American film. Which usually degrades Native Americans or portray them as everything but human beings. Smoke Signals mock these stereotype and bluntly debunks them with what Native American truly are. Ordinary people.“Performing redface has…

So what does it mean? Is the plot and characters in the movies are exactly same as those in book? While some people get angry if a movie differs from the book that inspired it, others support a filmmaker’s right to make changes. The movie, Smoke Signals (1998), directed by Chris Eyre, is based on Sherman Alexie’s story, “This Is How You Say Phoenix, Arizona”. The story follows the protagonist,Victor, who has lost his father (Arnold) and needs money to retrieve his father’s ashes from another…

I.) Chapter 4 Danger Signal: A company enters a market outside of their area of expertise. The company purchases other companies and merges with them with hopes that it will be successful. II.) The leadership principle violated is spending billions of dollars on mergers and expecting the purchase to create a skilled knowledge of the new company. III.) The people responsible for purchasing the company (CEO, COO, CFO, board of directors) are responsible for creating and executing a plan of…

These lipid rafts recruit fatty-acyl modified signaling proteins, increasing their effective concentration and affecting their function. Thus, such protein compartmentalization could be a universal mechanism for most adaptive cellular signal transduction (Simons k Toomre d 2000). In case of rhodopsin, visualization of this light receptor in the native ROS membranes by high resolution AFM indicated that it is not distributed evenly but rather localized into specific nanodomains, where…

Clinical Question 2 – Genetics, Oncology Limit your answer to no more than 3 pages, not including references. I will only read your first 3 pages. A 54 yo woman is diagnosed with malignant melanoma on the posterior neck. The lesion has a horizontal spread of roughly 12 mm although borders are quite irregular. She undergoes surgical resection with wide, grossly clear margins. Pathology report suggests features consistent with an ulcerated lentigo maligna melanoma to a depth of 4 mm. • Describe…

Pathophysiology: Proteus syndrome is caused by an activating somatic mosaic mutation in AKT1, a gene which encodes the well-studied serine/threonine kinase PKB/Akt .1,2 Akt is the key mediator of the PI3K signaling pathway. In response to a growth signal (e.g. IGF, EGF) and the autophosphorylation of a receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K is recruited and activated, generating PIP¬3 molecules at the lipid membrane. These partially activate Akt and also activate PDK1/2, which complete the Akt…

far hill to the north. Almost immediately after, another far puff shoed; then two quick ones. Everybody stared at the puffs of smoke. More smoke signals puffed up. Slowly the puffs of smoke bleed off into the mile distance. Above the trees across the lake rose an answering smoke signal” ( 19-20). In our community today we don’t send several smoke signals across town to get a message or to send them a warning or something like that. Today we call, text, send letters, make a speech to send people…

then reassemble. This will cause the cycle to end as the G-Protein is now again in its inactive heterotrimeric, GDP bound state. Once the G-Protein has left the receptor, the receptor can then go onto activate other nearby G-Proteins. This leads to signal amplification as the receptor, when bound to an agonist, can activate multiple…