The Right Honourable

nation-state and possess legal rights and political duties. As can be seen from its many ideals – namely republican, liberal, bound, cosmopolitan, pluralist or solidarist – citizenship has multiple sources of meaning, be they cultural, religious, ethnic or gender related. These conceptions each have their respective merits and downfalls, which shall be assessed and measured in this essay by the extent to which they permit the best use and protection of the citizen’s rights and duties. Although…

Introduction Islamic financial institutions are growing faster all around the world. Most in Muslim countries, conventional and Islamic financial institutions exist side by side, interacting with one another. The development of Islamic financial institutions has the potential to play a leading role in serving the Muslim Ummah and contribute towards socio-economic development of Muslim countries in conformity with Islamic sensibilities. Financial institution primarily sell demand deposits,…

Rifkin says that philosophers and animal behaviorists have argued about the capability of self –awareness in other animals. While some argue that animals do not have self-awareness because “they lack a sense of individualism”, others beg to differ. A counter statement that Rifkin utilizes is the remarkable actions elephants do when they are faced with a dead kin. Elephants will “often stand next to their dead kin for days,” and occasionally touch “their bodies with their trunks. After…

fear, Sadaam Hussein along with the Ba’athist government were ousted. Then came the difficult job of building a democracy that was workable in Iraq and overcoming the obstacles including the ongoing civil conflict, economic problems, and the human rights issues. The escalation of the Iraqi Civil War since the U.S. withdrawal in 2011 has fueled civil unrest. This includes the ongoing violence against the central government and the sectarian violence among religious groups. The economy in Iraq…

achieved until this time. Feminism, as a social movement ideology started from groups of women, has attributed significant progress in women’s right and was successful to bring society’s attention to inequity between men and women since 1900s. Since then, we call women as feminist who are involved with such movements for gender inequity and women’s right. Depending on individual view and understanding of feminism, the title of feminist are used for both positive and negative way. Thus, this…

Introduction Political freedom is a benefit that is often overlooked and undervalued in most western democracies. Many other countries do not have the same benefit. Some suffer from political repression as a means of governmental control. In some cases the political repression is because of government corruption. The literature shows that countries with a pointy resource have high levels of corruption. A pointy resource is the primary resource that brings in the vast majority of a countries…

Due to the extreme controversy over the topic the Animal Welfare Act was signed into law. This protects the animals and sets guidelines and laws at both the state and local level in order to regulate animal research. This law states that animals must give the animals: access to clean food and water, regular inspections by vets, proper enclosure size, and appropriate temperature. So the animals are not being exposed to improper conditions, or they shouldn’t be according to the law. Also in order…

Humans have been testing on animals for hundreds of years now while having the ongoing debate of whether or not animal testing is ethical. [Common Ground] However, many people have not considered what is necessary and what is unnecessary when it comes to animal testing [Destabilizing Condition]. Without the use of animals in the drug industry, many important vaccines would not have been discovered, leading to millions of human deaths. In addition, the use of animals in psychology has allowed us…

Whether or not Australia should adopt a bill of rights that protects individual rights from infringement by the legislature or executive, has been a subject of debate over the past few decades, specifically as Australia remains the last Western democracy without a bill of rights (Galligan, 1990: 345). On the International level, Australia has ratified seven major human rights treaties, however these treaties cannot enforce their obligations on domestic law, as can be seen in the parliaments…

The right to chose what happens with your own body should not be obstructed by the lack of equality. How would you feel if someone else made the decisions to what occurs with your own body? Most people do not have to worry about such issues, but women today are at risk of losing this right. Taking away a women’s right to choice infringes on her rights. There are many misconceptions when it comes to abortion. Organizations with specific agendas like to twist statistics which leads to a…