The Ninety-Five Theses

Before Martin Luther posted his 95th thesis on a church door in Worms, Germany so as to publicly air his grievances against the Church, another prominent figure also criticized the abuses of the Church. This man was no clergyman or ruler; he was a prominent literary figure of his time. This man was Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, in part, deals greatly with the abuses and scandalous behaviors of authority figures in the Catholic Church. Before Luther and before changes were made,…

Social Conventions: The Condemnation of Norwegians Within his play, Ghosts, Henrik Ibsen places great emphasis on the issue of social conventions that prioritize duties and obligations in the Norwegian society of 1880. During his era, 90 percent of all Norwegians belonged to the Evangelical Lutheran National Church, the Church of Norway, which yielded great influence and authority within the society (Lovoll). Throughout Ghosts, the issues faced by the Alvings are rooted in the predefined beliefs…

The Reformation: How a Monk and a Mallet Changed the World, written by Stephen Nichols, is a book to inform the reader about the Catholic Reformation. This book was not exactly intriguing, and did not appeal to the reader at most times. Martin Luther, a monk, used his mallet to attach his 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, hence the title of the book. The strokes of his mallet echoed all throughout the continent, and along with other reformers, his 95 theses would greatly…

The crux of Calvin’s “Reply to Sadoleto” focuses on the theological criticisms of Roman Catholicism and the formation of Reformation theology. Calvin argues that the Roman Catholic Church first and foremost silenced the Gospel, which led to the perversion of the four things on which the safety of the church is founded, which are doctrine, discipline, the sacraments, and ceremonies (9). In order to purify these vital elements of the church, the Catholic Church needs to change its perspective on…

Protestant Reformation occurred during conflict between nation-states in Europe •First in imperial cities of Germany and Switzerland •Deep social and political divisions •Certain groups favored the reformation - like printers who were literate POPULAR RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS AND CRITICISM OF THE CHURCH •The reformation could not have happened without the numerous conflicts that had risen within the church during the Renaissance. •Diet of Worms (Germany) presented the emperor with 102 oppressive…

Folk humour and satire were the replies due to the domination of the Catholic church of 19th-century French Canadian culture. A light comedy that ridiculed local traditions was typical of 19th-century theatre in Quebec. By the early 20th century, the sardonic practice was well developed in English Canada as demonstrated in the writings of Stephen Leacock. In his work Sunshine Sketches of a Little Town which was published in 1912, made Leacock legendary for his satirical wit, he used tragic irony…

Christian thought into what it is today. Thomas Aquinas, also known as St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), was a Dominican friar and a Catholic priest who was an immensely influential philosopher and theologian in the tradition of scholasticism. At the age of five he was sent to a Benedictine monastery, and later on decided to leave but wanted to remain religious so he joined the Dominicans. He then became a teacher of theology at the University of Paris. Aquinas was one of the most important…

The Protestant Reformation changed the course of history in Europe due to the people starting to realize that the Pope was overusing his wealth and power. During the 16th century people in Europe believed in one religion known as Catholicism where they supported the Pope’s teachings. Due to the fact that people were illiterate and uneducated the Pope taught them about indulgences and other wrong teachings. The big “religious reformers” were Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII who…

Michael Praetorius was born on February 15, 1571, at Kreuzberg in Thuringia. He was a German composer, a theorist, and an organist. “He was the most versatile and wide ranging German composer of his generation and one of the most prolific, especially of works based on Protestant hymns.” Syntagma musicum is one of the main reasons why Praetorius is important as a theorist. His father was a “zealous Lutheran clergyman,” and also had the name of Michael. The Michael Praetorius, his father, came…

Tudor Project Essay By: Abigail Bingham The Tudor Dynasty was a very famous dynasty during the European Reformation. The monarchy was different and very diverse from other dynasties. They did a lot for Europe in many ways. They gained power, wealth, and land. They also established a church and started the Act of Supremacy. They became involved in a lot of secular and nonsecular affairs. The Tudor Dynasty was the influence and guide for Europe at the time. The topics that are the most important…