The Council

composition is to identify the changes that have taken place pertaining to morality within the Catholic Church since the Council of Trent. As a summary, hopefully it will enlighten how we can look at and approach morality and intertwine spirituality with the unique style Father Richard Gula uses to corroborate his thesis. Father Richard Gula points out that since the Council of Trent (1545-1563), morality was more in assisting the priest in the confessionals as to determining the moral…

first ecumenical council, during the life of Emperor Constantine, the findings of the first ecumenical council were maintained and the Creed of Nicaea Prevailed. However, almost immediately after Constantine’s death in 337 controversies arose and lasted for more than forty years. The two sides of the controversy were made up of those who supported the findings in Nicaea and those who still supported the Arian views. This controversy ended up lasting until the Second ecumenical council at…

The speech at the Council of Clermont by pope Urban II was the defining moment in Crusades ideology, creating the foundation for the first large scale Crusades to take place. With the newly found five accounts of the Council I’ll try to paint an accurate picture as possible of what exactly occurred. There is no official transcript from pope Urban II; instead these documents provide first hand accounts of what occurred. Whether they are reliable or not is another matter. Since each document…

response to these internal issues the Church presented the idea of the Second Vatican Council with the aim to ‘throw open the windows of the catholic church so that we can see out and the people can see in’ (Pope John XXIII, 1962). The process and structure the church followed during the council was exceedingly inclusive and successful. The process of Vatican…

The Council of Chalcedon established an agreement on providing a better depiction of the relationship between the divine and human nature with Christ, which pleased the Christians, but not the Nestorians or Monophysites. The dispute first began between Arius and Athanasius. Arius did not believe Christ was begotten from the father. He believed they were two separate beings and did not believe that Christ was divine. Athanasius disagreed with Arius; he believed that Christ was fully divine. This…

A1. Pope John XXII announced the Second Vatican council (ecumenical council) of the Roman Catholic Church on January 25, 1959, as a chance for the church to take part in a renewal. Pope John XXII called the Council shortly after he was elected. He noticed that the Church needed to make the message of faith relevant to people in the twentieth century. Ecumenical councils had been called before, but usually during times of great crisis for the church. To most Catholics in 1959, the church didn’t…

Pope Urban II’s Speech at Council of Clermont With the purpose of spreading the territory of the Catholic Faith (Christianity) and the control of the Holy Sea in the East, Pope Saint Gregory VII had by now urged the devoted Christians to take up weapons toward the Muslims, the Pope himself pledging to guide them to Asia. In his letters, St. Gregory VII conversed on exactly how the grief of the Crusaders in the East had affected him to the place that he anticipated fatality. He believed that he…

The Effects of the Third Ecumenical Council on the Representation of Marian Doctrine in the Fifth-Century Church According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia (2014), an ecumenical council was “assembly convened to deliberate and decide on ecclesiastical doctrine and on other matters affecting the interests of the Christian church.” In the Early church, ecumenical councils were called to discuss and expound upon the doctrine being formed within the church. They centered around heresy and…

Bernard completed high school he went to study, to become a priest, in Rome. During his time in Rome he worked as a “delivery boy” during the second Vatican Council. His job was to pass out all of the different documents and information that the Bishops needed during the meetings of the council. He primarily worked during the last session of the council. He returned to America after he was ordained and got a job at Villanova University. He said masses and worked as the head of the Theology…

The Second Vatican Council It is not an overstatement to say that the Catholic Church has changed more in the twenty-five years since the Second Vatican Council than it had in the previous two hundred (Komonchak). Pope John XXIII announced the creation of this council, also referred to as Vatican II, in January 1959, much to the surprise of the awaiting world. There had not been an ecumenical council — an assembly of Roman Catholic religious leaders meant to settle doctrinal issues — in…