Textual criticism

effort to preserve the word of God. In this book the reader will find out the types of writing materials used for manuscript. The languages used in the text. Whether text was written in print or cursive. Discoveries where and when scripts were found. Criticisms of the New Testament. Books that were written but are not included in the Bible. Summary: Chapter one consist of the important writing materials that include leather, papyrus, parchment and vellum. The New Testament…

This is similar to Walter Benjamin’s theory of aura as, “mechanical reproduction liberates the work of art from its parasitical dependence on ritual (INSERT THING). From Utterback’s Text Rain, textual artwork is powerful in alternate digital mediums. Roberto Simanowski’s, Digital Anthropophagy closely analyses how when people interact with Utterback’s Text Rain, they can repurpose the meaning of the poem falling from the sky and the words take…

The Crucible, is a very historically accurate story and is one of Arthur Miller best works. It is a timeless classic and was a pleasure to read. The book has been a top seller for many years, and still continues to be a timeless classic. It is full of history and connections to the world we live in today. The characters seem so real and are developed very well. The crucible, is full of historical, realistic and relatable situations that help move the plot forward. The plot of this…

teach morals. For example, the story of Argos portrays the idea of loyalty. Argos goes through a hardship,yet he still stays loyal to his master. Argos has been a mythological reference of many works in the area of the arts, including visual and textual works.Both Argos Recognises Odysseus by Theodor Van Thulden and “Argos” by Alexander Pope use the myth of Argos to show that loyalty unto the master will not always be granted so gracefully and,while some may forget the loyalty owed, others will…

The seven authentic letters of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch (ca. 110 CE), provide some of the earliest insight into the theology, organization and worship, internecine struggles, and epistolary practices of the primitive Church outside of the New Testament. ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ ΙΓΝΑΤΙΟΥ: The Letters of Ignatius is a unique tool that assists those with an intermediate level of Koine Greek in reading these valuable epistles. Using the text of Kirsopp Lake’s 1919 edition of The Apostolic Fathers, ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙ…

According to Micheal O’Shaughnessey and Jane Stadler in “Stars and Celebrities,” to understand a star’s textual presence and its place in society one must look into “how stars operate as a financial and ideological system within the film and entertainment industries” (423). Therefore, understanding how celebrities construct and change their image to the public…

Jessica Berman (2009) makes the prescient observation that “modernism seems at the heart of the new comparative literature in a way not seen since the final chapter of Erich Auerbach’s foundational text, Mimesis? Why?” (55). While she uses the term “new comparative literature,” she could have easily been asking why modernism plays such a vital role in “new world literature.” Her answer as to why these texts employ modernism is that they do so because it is viewed as a universalizing /…

Sharp as a Tack, Dumb as a Box of Rocks Ever since the distinction between the sciences and the arts has been in school, I have two distinctly different ways of writing. My science writing has always been very cut and dry. Full of facts and citations, not a fun read, but an educational read. My science essays and reports were meticulously reviewed, punctuation was scrutinized, vocabulary was emphasized and the facts were double or tripled checked. My literary writing on the other hand was mostly…

Classical works of literature have a tendency to depict women as inferior and submissive to men, and despite recent diversifications to the Literary Canon these patriarchal texts still hold prevalence within classrooms and curricula. William Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, is one of the most widely taught scripts throughout the American Educational system; yet, the only female characters, Gertrude and Ophelia, play minor roles within the play and function as inferior characters. In fact, their…

"Langston Hughes was first recognized as an important literary figure during the 1920s, a period known as the 'Harlem Renaissance ' because of the number of emerging black writers." He grew up in a time of racism against African Americans and criticism by many black intellectuals. Throughout his poems, Hughes writes about the neglect of his race and his past experiences. Race is the most dominant theme described in all of his poems, most specifically "Cross";"I, too, Sing America";"I Dream a…