Telomerase

each in the replication process. The proteins and enzymes involved in the DNA replication process are: 1. DNA polymerase – it is the enzyme that synthesizes DNA and adds nucleotides to the 3’ end of the growing strand (Pierce, 2013, p. 241). 2. Telomerase – an enzyme, which has both a protein and an RNA component, extends the telomeres by making copies of the repeat sequence (Pierce, 2013). 3. DNA helicase – is an enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two bases of the two…

cell/tissue and organism. FLAWED INTERCELLULAR CROSSTALKS: As age advances in any organism, cell’s own capacity to divide, rejuvenate and repair tends to slow down resulting in gradual oxidative damage, in addition to the obvious decline in telomerase activity and the dysfunctioning of the nutrient sensing pathways. However beyond these changes which occur within the cell’s own internal…

79-110 million people are currently infected and the worldwide risk of HPV infection at least once in their lifetime in both men and women is 50% (Handler et al., 2015). The risk of being infected with HPV is 24% after someone becomes sexually active if they are also under 25 years old (Foreman et al., 2012). Worldwide, cervical cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer and is the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women with a higher mortality rate in developing nations (Handler…

described in 1963 by a French geneticist, Jerome Lejeune as a hereditary congenital syndrome (1). Today, it is known as one of most frequent autosomal deletion syndromes that results from loss of the distal portion of chromosome 5 affecting the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene (6). The deletion occurs at random during meiosis or early fetal development and varies in level of severity dependent upon the size of the deletion on the p arm. The deletion causes a structural abnormality…

28. a) A structure that was made if two chains of nucleotides, each in a helix, with each chain running parallel to each other. Also proved that the nucleotide bases could pair up in only one way based on Chargaff’s rule. b) Franklin’s x-ray diffraction photographs showed that the wet form of DNA likely had a double helix. Wilkins showed Watson Franklin’s results and at the time Watson and Crick were experimenting with many potential models of having 1,2 or even 2 strands. As soon as Watson saw…

James Tanner The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Timeline 1952 First immortal cells cultured. Collected from Henrietta's cervix. Named HeLa cells. Henrietta dies from cervical cancer. HeLa used to grow massive amount of cells. Prompt #5 Create a timeline that begins with the removal of Henrietta"s tissuse sample and traces the scientific and medical breakthroughs that have been made possible as a result of HeLa cells. Explain how HeLa cells were used in each situation 1953 1954 HeLa…

13. Our advantage in the “survive and reproduce race” is that we are intelligent. We know that we want to reproduce and survive. We learn mechanisms or tactics to protect ourselves and survive. An example of this is antibiotics. The author describes the battle between bacteria and antibiotics as an “Arm race” because whenever new antibiotics are introduced or discovered bacteria always develop resistance to it. An example is penicillin when it first came out in 1928, it worked great but 22 years…

Skin A third-degree skin burn extends through the entire epidermis, dermis and hypodermis, but leaves the underlying muscle and bone tissue in a functional state. Skin is made up of three layers: the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis. The epidermis is ectodermal in origin. It is relatively void of ECM except for the basal membrane and has a distinctive keratinized layer produced by keratinocytes. Other artifacts of the epidermis include melanocytes, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat…

produced from pluripotent stem cells. These stem cells make up the blood, skin, and nerve cells(Stem Cell Classification). Stem cells can also replicate by themselves(What are the Unique Properties of all Stem Cells?). Adult stem cells carry busy telomerase, to keep the length of the…

stress. Stress can affect almost every part of the human body. Even the smallest contributors to our overall health, such as enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and proteins can be influenced by chronic stress. Researchers have found that telomerase, an enzyme that effects cell health can be lower in individuals with chronic stress. Researchers at the University of California have shown that stress reduces the telomere lengths in mothers who care for chronically ill children. This…