Tartaric acid

buffer solutions to sustain the structure and activity of biological components such as DNA, RNA, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. Buffer solutions are remarkably resistant to pH changes and generally consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. In the laboratory, artificially made buffers are often used to help maintain a biological system at the proper pH. A laboratory buffer should be inert in the system being studied. For example, Tris buffer is…

dioxide. Nitrogen affects the growth of many proteins by all aquatic organisms. Oxygen is used by the organisms to breathe. Carbon dioxide is used by seaweed and other algae during photosynthesis. Also the levels of carbon dioxide affect the balance of acids and bases in saltwater when it produces carbonate ions under specific conditions (Duke University, n.d.). There is a lot of carbon dioxide in the ocean because of the burning of fossil fuels, coals, oils, and natural gases. The dumping of…

For much of human history, salt has been mined from the areas around dry lake beds and in deposits left after ancient seas dried up. These bodies of water all evaporated, leaving their crystallized salt deposits behind. Mined salt is sourced from these deposits. It differs from sea salt in that sea salt is taken from living oceans. While it is usually ground finely for sprinkling onto food as table salt, some of it is kept in a coarse and chunky form that is referred to as rock salt. Rock salt…

In this lab, we did four kind of different test, to mimic the chemistry of digestion. The first one was to test for sugar. We used a dropper and measured 2 ml of maltose and 2 ml of benedict’s solution in a pyrex test tube. After, using a test tube holder, we placed the test tube in a boiling water bath and heated for 5 min. After the 5 min, using a test tube holder we removed the test tube from the water bath. We then repeated the same procedure using starch solution instead of maltose. When we…

Practical 3: Enzyme Activity (2.5) Research Question: How does the change of pH affect the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on the enzyme, catalase? Background Information: Enzymes are globular proteins, which are synthesised by cells in order to perform specific functions. These act as catalysts in chemical reactions and are considered a major factor in an organism as these reaction rates are required to be shortened in order to support life. Catalase is one of the most…

In this lab we wanted to identify what the four mystery liquids were using density and their characteristic properties. We were initially given four liquids that were labelled numbers 1- 4, some graduated cylinders, and a scale, but we also knew that the 4 liquids were ethanol, vegetable oil, water, and cyclohexane. Using the mass that we found when we measured the liquid and using only 10 mL of the liquids we were able to calculate the density and easily identify the liquids and see if they…

In our experiment we evaluated which liquid yeast would produce gas the fastest by measuring how long it took for certain liquids to inflate a balloon. We hypothesized that if the yeast and sugar were placed in a warm,sugary environment like apple juice, then the yeast will produce more CO2 and cause the balloon to inflate faster. The control was the room temperature Throughout the experiment the type of balloons, size of the erlenmeyer flasks, amount of yeast, volume of each liquid, and the…

Sowbug Experiment Introduction A sowbug is an isopod that belongs to the Classic Crustacea family. They live in damp, wet, dark environments and are commonly nocturnal. They are mostly found under rocks, rotting tree bark, or logs in moist, dark areas outside. Through the observational study I observed that the sowbugs most often moved towards the edges and buried themselves, they moved quickly, and they mostly stayed and/or ended up on the damp-dark soil rather than the dry-light sand. Based…

Trend The constant, 0 v/v % hydrogen peroxide solution, did not react with the catalase, therefore it was recorded as 300+ seconds and had a reaction rate of 0 seconds-1. The 0.1 v/v % hydrogen peroxide concentration recorded a reaction rate of 0.17 seconds-1. The 0.2 v/v % hydrogen peroxide concentration, recorded a lower reaction rate than the 0.1 v/v% at 0.14 seconds-1. The 1 v/v % hydrogen peroxide concentration recorded higher at 0.49 seconds-1. The 3 v/v % hydrogen peroxide concentration…

The purpose of this experiment was to be able to identify certain substances that the Armadillidium vulgare is attracted to or would be likely to move towards. The substances were three different liquids and three different solids. Another purpose of the lab was to learn the characteristics of an Armadillidium vulgare also known as a pillbug (Mader, 2013). The main topic was based on whether the pillbug would be attracted to certain substances, and the reason they’re attracted to it. The pillbug…