Tartaric acid

increased and either became alkaline or less acidic. There were several questions and statements that were brought up in the introduction that were answered or extensively discussed. Firstly, ‘free amino acids’ and their effect on their pH was briefly discussed throughout this paper. A free amino acid is one is not connected…

Phenolphthalein is often used as an indicator in acid base reactions. The reaction used in this lab is: C_20 H_14 O_(4 (aq))+46 NaOH_((aq))→46 Na_( (aq))^++20 H_2 CO_(2 (aq))+10 H_2 O_((l)). Phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide react to form carbonous acid, water, and Na+ ions. This reaction is a neutralization reaction, where phenolphthalein, a weak acid, reacts with a strong base, sodium hydroxide. When phenolphthalein is put into a basic solution, it turns pink. The phenolphthalein ion is…

lot of natural processes. Some plants take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it to nitrogen that they can actually use. By burning forests, grasslands, and fossil fuels this releases nitric oxide into the air. When it goes into the air it can become acid rain and photochemical smog. This is how it can get into the water, because the rain comes down and gets into the bodies of water ("Nitrates in Ecosystems and Drinking Water"). Nitrates in drinking water have become a large problem. It is highly…

Titration is used to determine the equivalence point of a reaction, or the point when the moles of acid are equal to the moles of base in a mixture. Titration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by using an already known solution. This process is important because it is commonly in the medical field. For example, pharmacists use titration in the creation of drugs. In addition, doctors also titration when determining the concentration necessary to give their patients of…

of hydrogen in a substance. It is the scale used to tell how acidic or basic a solution is. The normal pH scale goes zero to fourteen. Zero to about six indicates that the solution is an acid. If the solution is closer to zero it makes it a stronger acid, but if the solution is closer to seven than it is a weak acid. If a solution has a pH of seven then it is neutral. A pH of eight to fourteen indicates that the solution is a base. The farther the pH level is from seven the stronger the base. If…

food digestion there are chemical and physical changes occurring. One chemical change for example would be, metabolic rate which is the rate of energy that is released from macronutrients. Carbohydrates (Glucose: C6H12O6), proteins (Alanine(amino acid) CH3) , and fats (Lauric…

by completing three acid and base neutralization reactions using phosphoric acid, which is a triprotic acid, with different volumes of sodium hydroxide. Introduction When looking at the coefficient of balanced equations, stoichiometry is seen. Coefficients represent the number of moles, equivalent to the mass of an atom, of the products and reactants. Stoichiometry was demonstrated in this experiment to determine the relationship between the testing agents. A polyprotic acid or base is used…

By combining the unknown compound with an acid, a base, and two salts, its reactivity was determined. Reacting the unknown compound with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) produced no visible reaction (precipitate), although the pH of the resulting solution was very acidic. Combining the unknown compound with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong base, also had…

Oil and water are two different concepts that are believed to not mix. Normally, when pouring oil into water or vice versa, the two separates instead of mixing. However, when they do mix, both oil and water complement each other. The concept of the three main religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, can be explained through the idea of oil and water. When these religions mix, they create something special. Each religion has two different ways of viewing God even though it is the same God. In…

It is necessary to add HCl to the unknown solution at the beginning because it is a strong acid so it easily dissociates in the solution and the chlorine anion can react with the cation present in the solution. In step 5, water was added to the solution and then the test tube was heated so that the bonds holding the compounds in the precipitate…