Tartaric acid

After thymol blue was added, the pH-buffered samples developed the colors of red, yellow, green, and blue as the pH of the solutions increased (Figure 3.1A). The pH-2 buffer turned to a light red-pink color, while pH-3 to pH-6 displayed very similar forms of rich yellow or light orange (Figure 3.1A). The neutral pH buffer solution appeared as a saffron green colored solution (Figure 3.1A). A mixture of yellow and green was apparent in the dijon color of the pH-8 buffer (Figure 3.1A). The buffer…

many systems created to hold a constant pH balance. Blood has many components to help the body stay stable. the Body’s pH allows us to do everyday life without constantly being sick. A buffer is a mix of a weak acid and a conjugate base in a solution. They resist pH change when acids or bases are added to the solution. Blood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. Red blood cells help the body is carrying nutrients. Hemoglobin is the main component in…

The mixture of salt and sand is heterogenous and their physical properties can be used to separate it. To separate sand and NaCl it must be diluted with water then filtrated using filter paper. The residual water is full of dissolved NaCl since NaCl is water soluble. The NaCl can dissolve in water because of water’s emergent property; versatility as a solvent. Because water is polar, it can break apart other molecules until the molecules are bonded with water. To separate the soluble NaCl from…

The observed colour was orange, which fit the emission spectrum. Few specks of blue were observed, this might be due to the Bunsen burner not being completely cleaned or the sodium not being completely pure. The observed colours match those of the spectrum, and can be accepted as true. The observed colour for lithium was a dark red colour. Lithium’s emission spectrum consists of purple, blue, cyan and red. Few darker specks of blue were observed, possibly from the same substance that made the…

In this experiment, the goal was to figure out which solute would be the best at neutralizing stomach acid the quickest. As baking soda was added to stomach acid, then the time for neutralization was the quickest. From the data chart, baking soda had the largest average pH of 6.6. On the graph, it show how baking soda had the highest peak and how it was the closest to reach 7 than any other substance. The hypothesis is supported because baking soda was the antacid that was closest to…

The number of moles of hydrochloric acid neutralizes for the three trials (2,4,5) were calculated using stoichiometry. It was calculated for trial 2 by convert 4.88 mL NaOH to L by divide by 1000 mL. Then, to get to mol of NaOH the molarity of NaOH was multiplied by 0.00488. Then to get from NaOH to HCl, the mole ratio 2 HCl to 1 mol NaOH was multiplied by 0.00122. To get the amount of HCl per beaker, 100 mL of HCl was divided by 1000 mL to get 0.1 L. Then, the liters were converted to moles by…

For the following lab, the purpose is to utilize titration to determine the amount of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) present in a substance by reacting it with potassium bromate. An oxidation reaction takes place with ascorbic acid to produce dehydroascorbic acid, using an excess of bromine. The total amount of bromine utilized during the experiment is determined utilizing a back titration, in which the bromine is reacted with bromate. One mole of bromate produces three moles of bromine and the…

would be caused by the sources of error. Both trials resulted in the same concentration, so the precision of the lab was also high. DISCUSSION OF THEORY: A titration is used to find the unknown concentration of an acid or base. Based off of the Bronsted-Lowry definition, an acid…

Enough hydrogen peroxide should be administered in order to degradate the possible intermediates formed such as carboxylic acids and quinones. In order to determinate this, COD was measured. The presence of chlorine ions retarded the degradation of the intermediates while the sulfate ions had the same affectation as the reaction with pure phenol. In the case of 2-chlorophenol…

Determining the Rate of Photosynthesis and the Effect That pH Has on It Abstract - The purpose of this experiment was to determine what variables affect the rate of photosynthesis. The variable tested was the pH level of the “environment” and this was tested using leaf discs from a plant. By testing the leaf discs in different pH levels of two, four, six, eight, and ten, it was found that the rate of photosynthesis was at its highest in a pH of six. It was also found that the rate of…