Tardive dyskinesia

effective than haloperidol in reducing positive and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. INTRODUCTION: Antipsychotic medications are drugs which are used to treat patients with psychosis, mainly for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These patients have lost touch with reality and “may hear "voices" or have strange and illogical ideas,” and are initially unaware that what they are experiencing is an illness (Antipsychotic Medications, 2016). The first generation of antipsychotics, known as typical antipsychotics, were first introduced in the 1950’s. While these drugs were effective in treating symptoms of schizophrenia, there were severe side effects associated with them; one side effect of these medications is tardive dyskinesia, a condition that affects the nervous system causing involuntary responses (Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, 2016 & Antipsychotics - the Future of Schizophrenia Treatment, 2000). In response to the side effects of typical antipsychotics, a new class of these medications emerged in the 1990’s known as atypical antipsychotics (Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Agents, 2016). These drugs were much less likely to induce side effects than the typical antipsychotics because unlike typical antipsychotic drugs, the atypical drugs increased levels of neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), instead of lowering their levels (Nandra & Agius, 2012). Neurotrophins are defined as proteins that help with…

Individuals in a normal state of awareness are usually able to make their own decisions and also know what is best for them. However, J.S., a twenty-four-year-old male schizophrenic mentioned in Cases in Bioethics from The Hastings Center Report edited by Carl Levine and Robert Veatch, was not able to make these kinds of decisions in his state even while taking Prolixin, the medication to suppress his schizophrenia. This was due to the iatrogenic effect called tardive dyskinesia, a result of…

Huntington disease What is Huntington disease? Huntington disease is an inherited neurologic disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration resulting in abnormal movements (chorea), sustained postures (dystonia), psychiatric symptoms, and dementia. The condition most frequently affects individuals during mid-life, but patients range from childhood to age 80. Symptoms are typically insidious – they come about slowly and progressively. Chorea is described as a dance-like, rapid,…

These assessments can be beneficial if used before the client is fully diagnosed with the mental illness schizophrenia and can be beneficial if used while the client is receiving treatment. Not only can these assessment help with diagnosis a mental illness, but these assessments provide professionals with the ability to learn about effective treatment. By administering the test every so many years, a professional can observe if the client symptoms has decreased due to treatment. The final…

the contraction of the syndrome, tardive dyskinesia. To correct this, the patient consented to experimental treatments, which were then denied to him due to the legal counsel not allowing for such treatments. Due to this, I feel that the subject’s wishes prior to the experimental protocol should be upheld. The patient was suffering from an incurable and untreatable disease, which left him with no choice but to subject to experimental treatments, which the patient agreed to. This was done in…

of schizophrenia when it is detected early. Being aware of these symptoms and having an early detection of the disorder could possibly change someone 's life. This is why it is so important to seek medical attention if any of the above signs become common in an acquaintance. Today, many schizophrenics are able to have normal lives with the help of various medicines and therapy. “The most powerful treatment is antipsychotic medication”, which was discovered in the mid 1950s (Funk & Wagnalls…

They include pergolide, amantidine, selegiline, and talipexole. Their side effects include tardive dyskinesia. There are other pharmacological modalities that specifically target cormobid conditions associated with the syndrome. Adrenergic modulating drugs such as clonidine and guafacine are essential in treating compulsiveness and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Stimulants such as methylphenidate, dexamphetamine, and permoline are also utilized in the management of ADHD.…

contractile mediator that can lessen the vom¬iting. The drug is administered in form pills, liquid, subcutaneous and intravenous arrangements. With the help of this drug improvement in the gastric emptying can be developed, nonetheless, effects to decrease vomiting continues. Adverse effects of metoclopramide hinder the use of the drug in approximately one-third of patients. Sleep disruption, fatigue, agitation, and symp¬toms concerning to higher prolactin circling levels such as amenorrhea and…

illness but over a period of time if the drugs are overprescribed, they also will cause side effects. Therefore, when a mental patient is taking medicine that is being overprescribed to them, they are reaching a higher state of the “give and take” system which leads to higher risks of side effects. Most of these reverse side effects that were mentioned are acute effects but an individual can also have chronic effects as well. These chronic effects can lead to long term medical complications.…

antipsychotic medications, may be effective in treating schizophrenia, but become futile when side effects change a patient 's health and grow into an economic burden. The first antipsychotic drug created, chlorpromazine, was effective in breaking hallucinations, delusions, and abnormal behavior; however, the use of older drugs comes with a cost to a patients health. Margie Paltak, a science writer affiliated with University of Wisconsin-Madison, whose articles and scientific reports are…