Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) is a well-known form of vasodilatory shock that occurs in up to 44% of patients after cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(1). CPB is often associated with a systemic inflammatory response and transient vascular dysfunction that results in profound and persistent vasodilation, leading to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance that grounds severe hypotension refractory to proper fluid resuscitation, and an increased requirement for vasopressors…

Sepsis is defined as the manifestation of the systemic inflammatory response to an infectious agent(Chulay&Burns, 2010). Sepsis is a complex condition that is often life threatening. It is characterized by hematological derangements and a profound inflammatory response to an infection or injury. Sepsis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the trauma patient. Sepsis following traumatic injury is related to the type of injury, together with the extent of injury and the anatomical…

to go into respiratory failure, stroke, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and death. In the United States, septic shock is the most common cause of death in the intensive care unit(ICU). MODs was defined in 1991 by the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine. They defined MODs as, “ progressive impairment of two or more organ systems resulting from an uncontrolled inflammatory response to severe illness or injury.”(book-265). MODS occurs in two…

According to the Health Service Executive’s National Clinical Guideline No. 6 (2014), Sepsis is “the clinical syndrome defined by the presence of both infection and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)”. Each hospital should have its own sepsis protocol, however it should meet the standards expected by the guidelines set nationally. “Sepsis is common and is a time dependent medical emergency”, HSE’s National Clinical Guideline No. 6 (2014). According to this national guideline,…

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects many tissues but primarily attacks the joints causing inflammation as a result of the immune response. Resulting in a proliferative synovitis that is a degenerative joint irregularity process. This disease is a serious long-term clinical syndrome with restricted treatment options and deprived outcomes. There are many subsets of this disease but essentially all of them will lead to “persistent synovial inflammation and associated…

microorganism. recent studies showed the effect of periodontal diseases on the systemic health conditions like cardiovascular disease (CVD). C reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant which used as marker for monitoring of periodontal diseases and systemic health problems. Body mass index (BMI) on the other hand has a relationship with the level of CRP and severity of periodontal diseases as well as systemic health. 1.1. INTRODUCTION Periodontitis is the disease of the teeth…

placement of an expandable stent graft within the aorta to treat aortic disease without operating directly on the aorta. Comparing EVAR with an open surgical procedure, it has been seen that in the first of these procedures, postoperative inflammatory response is attenuated. This accompanied with a technological improvement in stent graft devices and improved technical expertise, have led, ultimately, to better patient outcomes. (1) Assuming that, a technically successful EVAR should lead to a…

suggests that lung/kidney interactions are involved both in AKI-associated acute lung injury (ALI) and renal consequences of acute respiratory failure. Positive pressure ventilation, changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 levels along with systemic inflammation participate in the renal response to acute respiratory failure. Positive pressure ventilation may modify venous return, cardiac after-load and may decrease cardiac output along with decreased renal blood flow, in glomerular filtration rate (GFR),…

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is also a chronic, progressive inflammatory disease that affects connective tissue throughout the body causing wide spread damage to organs and systems (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). A defining characteristic of SLE is periods of exacerbations then relief, which can occur suddenly or over time. Common assessment finding of an individual with SLE include a butterfly rash on the face, alopecia, and arthritis of the small joints and knee (Ignatavicius & Workman…

Acute pancreatitis is a sudden, but reversible inflammatory process of the pancreas. The most common cause of pancreatitis is alcohol in western countries and gallstone in eastern countries. Approximately 80% patients have mild pancreatitis and 20% of patients have severe pancreatitis. About 15-25% of acute pancreatitis develops into severe pancreatitis. Mild pancreatitis has mortality rate less 1% (1, 2) where as the mortality rate of severe pancreatitis varies from (10-30) % depending upon…