Systematic error

value of 188 ± 22 kJkg¯¹. This is within the accepted value of 199 kJkg¯¹ [1] but it has a large uncertainty and shows systematic error. Ways of reducing this uncertainty have been suggested including using a high frame rate camera to reduce systematic error and using a larger measuring cylinder so we can time how long it takes to produce a larger volume of gas to reduce random error. These equipment were unavailable during the experiment. References [1] G. W. C. Kaye and T. H. Laby, Tables of…

5. 3. 4 Typical application and thermometric error Consider a typical application such as the measurement of surface temperature by a surface mounted thermocouple as shown in Figure 5.9 (a). Figure 5. 9 : (a) Surface mounted thermocouple in Example 5. 1 (b) Thermal resistance network model Heat loss from the thermocouple is modeled as shown above by discussion leading to Equation 5.3. Thermocouple attached to the surface of a massive solid whose temperature we would like to measure.…

Discussion In order to find the rate of osmosis at each trial, the initial mass and the final mass were determined using an electronic balance. These values were then subtracted from one another and divided by the time left in the solution, which was 20 minutes. The formula used for this process was: The general trend of the graph is that for every increase in size, there is an increase in the Rate of Osmosis. At 1cm x 1cm the points are reasonably close to one another, with the value of 110…

In this lab, the percent composition of each component in the mixture was calculated. The mixture contained NaCO, CaCO3, and sand. NaCO or salt had a physical change when it completely dissolved in water. A chemical change occurred when hydrochloric acid was added to CaCO3 or chalk because the mixture changed to a yellow green color. In order to obtain the percent composition, a filtration system was used to separate the sand from the liquid, by straining the solid with the use of filter paper.…

how the wrong measurement of central tendency could misrepresent the data by biasing it, or distorting systematically. For those who were not absent last time, I will do a small recap of the central tendency and then I will illustrate what a systematic error (bias) in action. The central tendency can be measured in three ways: mean, median, mode. Mean is the more precise, then median and lastly mode. In a normal condition, all three of them are equal; however, in the presence of outliner the…

would have been the metal tripod, and the third would have been the glass beaker (excluding the water). The impact of this error could be decreased through performing the experiment in an insulated container with a lid as it would prevent the heat from escaping the enclosed space and as a result some of it would be transferred to the water. One major source of random error is an error of parallax occurring during several measurements. The first scenario was when the beakers were filled 100ml of…

graph , as the line do not pass the origin , it can be deducted that the result is fairly accurate. Since there are few outliers on the graph , the precision of this graph is moderate. Accuracy of the graph is affected by systematic errors while the precision is affected by random errors. A few measures had been taken prior in getting more accurate and precise results. Firstly , the experiment was repeated three times ( with the same slotted mass ) so that more accurate average time taken to…

minimal error on repeated measurement of the same variable (Pretty, I.A. et al. 2004). This is an important characteristic as the caries diagnosis device must be able to repeatedly give consistent results with different operators. Equipment reliability testing involves in-vitro tests to test the reliability of the equipment…

This experiment helped the team to get a better grasp on what conditions affect solar panels and which ones are able to work best and most efficient. With the rise of popularity and technology of solar panels it’s important to understand which conditions affect the efficiency of the solar panel. The conditions tested on the solar panel were various applied resistances, power output between a flat solar panel and “fisheye” solar panel, incident light angle,and efficiency of each solar panel. The…

calculating stomatal density, the average, standard deviation, and standard error of the mean values for the young leaf and for the old leaf were determined. The average stomatal density of young leaf was 146.43 6.09 (stoma/mm2) and the standard deviation was 19.25. The average value for the old leaf was 115.31 6.81 (stoma/mm2) and the standard deviation was 21.54. Using average values of both leave, the bar chart with error bars was created as a graphical illustration. After, at the alpha…