Sympathetic nervous system

Introduction: Age related change is one of the most common causes of vision loss around the world, affecting between 30 to 50 million people worldwide. As suggestive of the name, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is most prevalent in adults over the age of 60. Of the cases of AMD, about 90 percent are dry AMD for which no effective treatment exists [1]. The retina is the nerve tissue lining the inside of the eye which begins the conversion of light into vision. The macula,…

In the article, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” by Nicholas Carr says that his current troubles with concentrating while reading books and long articles might be because of investing a considerable measure of energy in the Internet. He believes that the customary internet utilization may have the impact of decreasing the limit with concentration and contemplation. Carr goes ahead and gives an exceptionally very much examined record of how contents on the web should make the browsing experience…

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS is considered to be one of the most common progressive neurological diseases, affecting approximately 20,000 individuals in the United States in a given year (Fried-Oken et al., 2006). Etiology of ALS remains unknown; however, there appears to be an existing genetic component associated with this disease. Changes in speech are first seen in patients with bulbar onset…

Have you ever found yourself staring at a math problem that seems impossible to solve? Do you wish there were an easy way to help your brain focus? Aromatherapy might be your answer. This experiment will test if the aromatherapy scents of jasmine and sandalwood help the brain’s speed and accuracy in completing a puzzle. The sense of smell begins in the back of the nose where millions of sensory neurons lie on a tissue called the the olfactory epithelium. As soon as an odor molecule binds to a…

The basal ganglia plays a vital role in the way movement happens and when dopamine does not follow the path that it is suppose to, it hinders body movement. Parkinson’s disease is often known as PD and it is a progressive neurological condition, which means the sickness and symptoms get more severe as time goes on (Noble, 2007). Out of all the neurodegenerative disorders, PD is the second most common one (Noble, 2007). It happens amongst 1% of the population older than sixty years. (Samii, 2004)…

Susan’s main areas of difficulty involve motor speech, which affects her intelligibility. Particularly relating to the larynx, use of the tongue in speech and coordination of the lips and palate. This indicates that Susan is likely experiencing mixed spastic-ataxic dysarthria due to lesions on the upper motor neurone pathway (Wilkinson and Lennox 2005) in the corticobulbar tract which innervates the cranial nerves and the cerebellum (Bethoux et al 2013). Lesions on the upper motor neurone…

Explanation of EMG signals EMG stands for electromyography. Muscle fibres generate tiny electrical currents prior to the production of muscle force. These currents are generated by the exchange of ions across muscle fibres membranes, a part of the signalling process for the muscle fibres to contract. EMG is the signal made, it can be measured by applying conductive elements or electrodes to the skin surface, or invasively with the muscle. When using EMG, tiny devices named electrodes are used…

Phantom sensations is a extraordinary phenomenon that most amputees with experience. One might assume that once their limb has been removed they will no longer feel pain for it, however, individuals who are amputees will suffer pain in places that no longer exist, thus why it's called phantom sensations. There are a couple popular theories to why this happens. The first being that once an amputation is performed all the nerve endings clump together, their clumping causes abnormal pain signals…

It contains a variety of sedative, tonic and adaptogen herbs that can relieve the immediate symptoms of anxiety and depression, promote restful sleep and strengthen the immune and nervous systems. It also contains many beneficial amino acids, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, enzymes and bioflavonoids. During times of stress, the body has a difficult time keeping up with the demand for some of them. These ingredients all work synergistically…

Sensation and perception work together to help the brain make sense of the world we see. There cells, called sensory receptors, are the ones that send stimulus to the brain through afferent nerves, which are responsible for carrying information to the brain and spinal cord. This process is called the bottom-up processing, and it means that the information is being sent to the brain for interpretation. Then there is top-down processing, which works opposite of bottom-up processing. To make sense…