Surplus labour

required by the first two classes and who receive their subsistence in return. Two types of income share arise in such society: the surplus product or rent for the landowners, who are the only owners of the national wealth and the wages, reduced to subsistence by competition, for those who have no property except for their ability to work. The extraction of the surplus from the working classes by the proprietors has changed according to the various modes of agriculture production which have been…

Interplay between Hegelian Dialectic and Marx’s Dialectical Materialism G.W.F. Hegel proposed that “dialectic” concerned itself with the process which went into knowing the “whole” of anything. Hegel equated “whole” with “totality”. According to him, only the whole is true. The whole is composed of moments that are partial wholes. The relationship that existed between these partial wholes is of prime importance. The whole contains within itself all the moments that it has overcome. Basically,…

as black labour was institutionalised as cheap, or rather, cheaper than white labor. Furthermore, the system ensured that black workers were only taught to serve their white masters, such as woodwork or gardening, while whites could receive education in any trade and thus receive higher wages. Racism is said to have been one of the driving forces of capitalist development, as racial division meant for the capitalist system a surplus. Surplus would be generated through migrant labour, and cheap…

without the production of goods, by the slaves, there would be a never ending cycle, which is described in the following quote: “The accumulation of capital pre-supposes surplus-value; surplus-value pre-supposes capitalistic production; capitalistic production pre-supposes the pre-existence of considerable masses of capital and of labour-power... The whole movement, therefore, seems to turn in a vicious circle, out of which we can only get by supposing a primitive accumulation... an accumulation…

right to possess objects outside of himself. Locke argues, “Though men as a whole own the earth and all inferior creatures, every individual man has a property in his own person; this is something that nobody else has any right to.” Moreover, “The labour of his body and the work…

Karl Heinrich Marx was born on 5 May 1818 in Germany, when Europe was going through rapid social changes after the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. His interest in philosophy was greatly influenced by a German philosopher, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, when he read about his works at University. Subsequently, he gained understanding from the materialistic ideas of Ludwig Feuerbach and further developed them into his own sociological theories. Marx discovered that the society…

Macdonald asserted that the threshing machine was a scapegoat for rural resentment of their economic position. The potential threat to their livelihoods was characterised by the threshing machine, a semiotic representation of the declining fortunes of the labour force. This, as a motivation, rings true; this rural unrest was motivated primarily by the labourers ‘degrading dependence on the caprice of employers’ following changes to agricultural and paternalistic practice in the southern and…

plantation to strengthen a global food supply chain. Similiarly, most of the industrialisation in Uttarakhand is concentrated in Udham Singh Nagar, Haridwar, Dehradun and Nainital. For the state fast industrialization is required to absorb the surplus labour. The fast industrialization will also connect the masses to the market and give access to market…

believed that capitalism was doomed to fall and that the economic system had numerous flaws. One flaw that Marx identified is the problem of ‘surplus labour’. Www.allaboutworldview.org describes this as the ‘ability of the bourgeoisie to manipulate workers allows them to devalue labour, thereby creating profit for themselves by lowering the price of labour’. Marx had strongly disagreed with this system and believed workers are being exploited. He explains, ‘accumulation of wealth at one pole…

the division of labor as a product of self-interest because it is in human nature for one to seek to produce more goods. Division of labor is seen as “the greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour” (Smith 3). Through the pin factory example, Smith demonstrates how the division of labour operates through specialization. By having individuals perform one specific task…