Surfactant

solvents. The combination of polyoxyethylated castor oil and ethanol that are water miscible surfactants and solvents can be used to solubilise the non-polar active ingredient, cyclosporine. Therefore, the excipients are appropriate for the formulation. Polyoxyethylated castor oil is a surface active agent that increases the solubility of drugs that are poorly soluble in water with the formation of micelles. Surfactants have an amphipathic nature, so it will form micelles when placed in water,…

Tuberculosis is a very serious infection which affects the lungs and other parts of the body such as kidneys and bones joints. The lungs are the cone-shaped spongy like organs that are located in the chest cavity and make up most of the lower respiratory tract. Their most important function is to assist oxygen from the air that we breathe to enter the red blood cells in the blood. These red blood cells then carry the oxygen around the body to be used by other cells that are found in the entire…

of different pH, different buffer in the different rows in which the vessels are placed (Erika). Also, the different buffer solutions can be used with or without surfactants (Bianca). Surfactants are particularly important in a case where the product used is poorly water soluble (Khamanga & Walker). However, in a case where surfactants are used the movement of the reciprocating cylinders may generate foam and may therefore need antifoaming agents to be added to stop the foam (Bianca). At low…

tension of water at 30 degrees Celsius, the radius was calculated: r=2γpgh Surfactants are molecules that have a nonpolar tail and a polar end. It lowers the surface tension from two different phases because of its ability to “pull” the molecules toward the molecules in the surface area. N-butanol is a surfactant therefore, it is hypothesized that the surface tension will decrease as the concentration of this surfactant in the solution increases.However, in the experiment, the results stated…

equivalent to the lung’s functional residual capacity and a liquid ventilator is used to generate tidal breathing with perfluorocarbon. During partial liquid ventilation, perfluorocarbon fluids are administered into the lungs to act as artificial surfactant for complications, like respiratory distress syndrome, or as a medium for other types of pulmonary dysfunction…

occurs in many premature births. As the gestational age for a baby decreases subsequently the likelihood of them having this condition will increase because their lungs are severely underdeveloped. The problems that stem from RDS include lack of surfactant, smaller alveolar surface span, elevated compliance of the small airways, and occasionally the ductus arteriosis might be a factor if it doesn’t close shortly after birth. A clinician will notice upon arrival to stabilize the patient that…

The Difference between Detergent and Soap The reason for this case study is to dissect the Difference between detergent and soap. In this case study, I will define the meaning of the cleaning agents, I will give you an introductory, I will discover how they are made, I will discover how they work, and why one cleaning agents is better than the other. This case study will be designed using the descriptive scientific method. The meanings of Detergent and Soap A detergent is a substance that cleans…

Critical thinking in nursing is a critical element of professional responsibility and excellence nursing care; it is a self-focused, self-controlled, self-supervised, and self-educative thinking. The ability of a nurse to analyze and process arrays of information related to a critically ill patient requires critical thinking which comes with experience as a seasoned nurse. It is imperative for a nurse to understand a root cause and consequence of any action related to a patient care treatment.…

Plan C If a pregnant student’s due date is a little too close to finals than she is comfortable with, then she can elect to schedule a cesarean section. This is what the women in Hollywood do. The ones that are too posh to push (Weaver). The ones that don’t want to go through labor. Is this ethical? A cesarean section, or C-section, is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through a woman’s abdomen wall and uterus by way of incision. Sometimes C-sections are performed for emergency…

DISCUSSION 6.1 FTIR SPECTROSCOPY It was observed from the FTIR graph that there was no shifting of peaks of metronidazole i,e., characteristic peak of the amine group (N-H streching) present in imidazole nucleus at 1030 cm-1 and presence of NH2 group at 3298 cm-1 in formulation. Hence, there was no interaction between drug and polymer. 6.2 METRONIDAZOLE MICROSPHERES 6.2.1 Optimization of speed (rpm) for preparation of microspheres Metronidazole microspheres were prepared using emulsion…