Surfactant

Surfactant Agents I. Definitions a. Surfactant: A surface-active agent that lowers surface tension i. Examples 1. soap 2. detergent b. Surface Tension: Force caused by attraction between like molecules that occurs at liquid-gas interfaces and that holds the liquid surface intact i. Units of Measure: dynes/centimeter (dyn/cm) 1. the force required to cause a 1 cm rupture in the surface film ii. a droplet forms because a liquid’s molecules are more attracted to each other than the surrounding…

system of entrapment of gaseous molecules in solid or liquid matter. Instability of foam is caused generally due to coalescence, liquid drainage and disproportion of bubbles. Foam being aqueous system can be produced using surfactants available commercially. The types of surfactants used in preparation of aqueous foam influence the foam properties (Eisner et al., 2007; Bhakta and Ruckenstein, 1995). Successful foam requires the formation, growth and stabilization of the gas bubbles in the…

3.5. Effect of surfactant Span80/Span85 (3:1) on Ni (II) extraction Span80/Span85 are playing an important parameter and determine to appropriate surfactants can be obtained through the stability of emulsion liquid membrane for Ni(II) extraction. Span 80/Span85 as nonionic surfactants. Figure (9).The study of the efficiency of the highest extractants and reached to 98.7% after studying the surfactant concentration of span 80/span85 (3:1), the surfactant ratio an important in extraction of Ni…

gestational age increases. Respiratory distress syndrome is caused by a deficiency of surfactants. Surfactants, a lipoprotein complex, function by decreasing the surface tension of the fluid surrounding the alveoli to prevent the collapse of the alveoli during the respiratory cycle. Infants may be intubated and administered prophylactic exogenous surfactant therapy beginning as early as the delivery room. Surfactant therapy given to preterm infants within the first two hours of life decreases…

the Causes, Symptoms, Treatment & Preventative Measures Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), also known as hyaline membrane disease, is a potentially fatal condition that effects newborns, mostly premature infants. About 40,000 newborns are diagnosed with this disease annually and the rate is growing rapidly (Ludman, Mark D). RDS is a common breathing problem with premature newborns because myriad organs of the infants are underdeveloped, especially the lungs. This prevents the newborn from…

applied in pharmaceutics as a demanding tool to improve the delivery of many drugs34. Niosomes are vesicles formed by self-assembly of hydrated and synthetic non-ionic surfactants e.g sorbitans (Spans) or polysorbates (Tweens). Non-ionic surfactants are inexpensive, non-toxic, and can be found in wide variety. Types of surfactants affect encapsulation efficiency, mechanical properties, stability and toxicity of niosomes35. In fact, they are nanosized vesicles with a bilayer structure that have a…

Surfactants targeted are the ones which when used in dilute concentration with injection brine (sea water) are able to alter wettability for a high temperature, high salinity carbonate reservoir. The motivation behind this approach is to keep…

infants are at high risk for developing breathing problems because their lungs are not mature enough to make this adjustment. Preterm babies who are surfactant deficiency, may develop respiratory distress syndrome (Premature Birth, 2014). This is because the lungs cannot expand and contract normally. Babies do not usually begin producing surfactant until about the 30th…

needs more attention. A normal term is 40 weeks, preterm is considered to be 37 weeks or less. Immature babies sometimes develop respiratory destress syndrome, immaturity of the lungs by the date of birth mainly because of the lack of the protein surfactant. Professor Mendelson’s work in lab focuses on progesterone. progesterone is crucial for maintaining uterine quiescence during pregnancy this is due to it’s anti-inflammatory action. in most mammals the levels of circulating progesterone are…

death in pre-term deliveries. (Liggins)(Garvey) RDS can result from any number of factors in the pregnancy and the mechanism is well understood. The traumatic event of birth causes the production of cortisol which stimulates the upregulation of surfactant…