Surfactant

4. Recent development of forward osmosis: As mentioned above, FO technology is faced by several challenges that limit its application in large scale processes. The development of FO process can be governed by two major factors; the development of high-performing draw solutions and highly efficient FO membrane. 4.1. Draw solutes development: The draw solution has several factors that can affect FO performance. These factors mainly comprise of draw and feed solution osmotic pressures [61], draw…

Experiment 5 Title: Mayonnaise production Objective: To determine the type of food emulsion obtained by varying the mixture sequence Introduction: A most important field of emulsion technology is that involving food preparations. Some of the oldest emulsions known to man, for example, butter, salad dressings and so on are included in this group, while the applications of emulsion theory to the baking process and to therapeutic feeding represent modern developments. Probably the most instructive…

Introduction: LC-MS is used for the bioanalysis of small molecules drugs, which has molecular mass of less than 800 Da. Now a days, it is also frequently used for the bioanalytical determination of biopharmaceuticals.1 In pharmaceutical R & D, it takes a year to develop a new marketing drug identified from thousands of new compounds. The drug discovery is divided into early and late phase, during which pharmacokinetics study or bioanalysis of a drug is done. Once, the bioanalysis of a drug is…

Environment is the term used for defining our surroundings which may include the biotic and abiotic components that are present around us. Biotic components include the microbes, plants and animals and abiotics are soil, water and air [1]. Biotechnology is the integration of technology and natural sciences by utilizing organisms and cells, to produce knowledge, services and products [2]. Environmental biotechnology refers to the application of biotechnology which is used for finding a way to…

Abstract – Photocopiers make use of Toner (powder) to form the latent electrical image on the electrostatically charged drum. The paper has to slide over the drum during Xerography process and hence it picks up the toner. Vague issues cause the non-picking of toner particles (approximately 10%) and they are left over the drum. This non-picked toner is termed as Waste Toner (WT). As it adversely affects the quality of proceeding copies, this has to be removed from the drum. A cleaning blade made…

each enzyme independently. To establish the most suitable detergent and detergent concentration, the magnitude of PMF generation along with enzymatic activity was measured for each reconstituted enzyme. Of the detergents tested, the zwitterionic surfactant CHAPS was found most suitable for co-reconstitution. To confirm CMI was reconstituted into the liposomes both NADH:decylubiquinone (DQ) oxidoreductase activity AND proton translocation were measured by monitoring NADH oxidation with the…

Early detection and diagnosis of chronic disease is of vital importance in the development of an effective treatment plan. Typical diagnostic methodology involves a multistep approach consisting of a differential diagnosis, pattern recognition, and a final clinical component. The lengthy process must be completed before any treatment options are considered often resulting in over/under diagnosis, error, and lag-time. It would be of great benefit to develop a more effective system to heighten the…

March of Dimes is an organization that fights to prevent birth defects and premature births among babies all over the world. This organization was originally founded and named the National Foundation of Infantile Paralysis by Franklin D Roosevelt (“About Us”). Roosevelt founded this organization when he had a personal encounter with polio. The foundation soon became known as the March of Dimes when they turned their focus to birth defects and prematurity in children. March of Dimes has been…

Regeneration of enzymatic cofactors is the most significant technical hurdle preventing the widespread employment of biochemical synthetic reactions as a production process for fine chemical manufacturing. The high cost of the continual replacement of enzymatic cofactors limits the economic viability of this production methodology despite potentially significant improvements in product quality and an associated reduction in environmental impact. Presented is an engineered biotic/abiotic…

Autumn Smith is a 5 year old who was born addicted to the drug known as Meth or Methamphetamines. She was adopted by Erin Smith as just an infant because the mother had been taken away due to the drug problem. Erin had not seen any types of problems with Autumn. She seemed to act like a normal child as she grew older, but by the time she was 5 Erin was noticing a lot of behavioral problems. Autumn was not playing well with other children and she was not playing at the same age level as the other…