Surface

the raise in temperature of Earth’s surface, caused by the gases carbon dioxide, methane, dinitrogen and chlorofluorocarbons. For contrast, oxygen and nitrogen are gases that will not trap heat and are therefore not greenhouse gases. These greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere. You see, the sun provides energy in the form of solar radiation; some of the radiation is reflected back into space, what is not is then absorbed by the clouds, the Earth’s surface and the atmospheric gases. As the…

Several factors impact the amounts of friction, and this experiment examines the factors and how they impact the sliding of the wooden blocks. Surface area of the blocks affect the friction, and the contact between the different surfaces varies for different objects and weights. Kinetic friction occurs when two objects move against each other with their surfaces in contact, and the normal force helps calculate kinetic friction. Static friction is the force which must be overcoming to originally…

Southwest Research Institute working on NASA’s New Horizons, goes over an interesting discovery made about Pluto: It seems to have a near infinite supply of nitrogen. Pluto is Gassy The most recent images returned by New Horizons shows that Pluto’s surface is mostly composed of nitrogen, just like Earth’s. There is; however, about a 20 percent difference in composition; Earth’s atmosphere is around ~78 percent nitrogen while Pluto’s is ~98 percent. Another interesting fact is that the…

The Greenhouse Effect - What is the greenhouse effect and why is it important? “The greenhouse gases absorb some of this energy and radiate much of it back towards the surface whilst the rest is radiated out to space. This plays an important role in keeping the Earth 's surface warm and able to sustain life.” Step 1: How much energy from the sun hits the earth and what determines the amount? Based on the energy coming in, what should be the average intensity of the energy leaving the earth? The…

If it is not conductive, it is possible that charge will just accumulate on the surface, and poor results will be obtained. It is important though that the coating be very thin, so as not to change the appearance of the actual surface of the material (6). The sample must also be small enough to fit in the area of the microscope where it can be scanned. Sometimes this means only rather small areas or portions…

Life in the solar system has been explored and debated over centuries, with Mars being the greatest subject of interest. This is due to the existence of water ice on its surface, and water vapour in its atmosphere. The existence of water is pivotal in the exploration of Mars, as it may hold vital information regarding the history of the planet. Scientists have implemented the ideology to ‘follow the water’, as the existence of water allows for life to grow, and more importantly, exist. This is…

body temperature, endothermic animals must metabolically produce enough body heat to exactly balance the amount of heat lost through their body surface, and since the body surface scaled as M^(2/3) so should metabolic rate (Glazier 2014). Max Kleiber then published in 1947 stating that the basal metabolic rate (BMR) did not scaled in proportion to surface area. Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) is the rate at which the body uses energy while at rest to keep vital functions going such as breathing and…

beauty and wealth. From atop I had a masterful view over the water, but yet I saw little of what it had to offer. I had only scanned the surface of the water meaning I truly did not comprehend what was under the surface. While I stand there glancing at the water’s reflection I see a mirror image on the surface staring back at me. This was the very calm surface of me waiting to be broken and explored. Friends and family waiting for me to jump so they too may take the same risk as well embark on…

moon and merely composed of a crater strewn rocky surface. Mariner 9 revealed plains, canyons, drainage channels and even volcanos. Mariner 9 evoked such enthusiasm that plans were begun for Mars landers. VIKING TO MARS In 1976, Viking 1 and 2 landed on the Martian surface. Viking orbiters mapped the planet down to 100 meters and refined landing site locations for the landers. The landers used a heat shield to leave orbit, then parachuted to the surface, using retro-rockets to further slow…

a lift component acting of the object. Skin-friction is the drag caused by the interaction between the molecules of the fluid and the solid object. It is dependant of the viscous forces of the flow, viscosity of the fluid and the roughness of the surface of the solid object. Pressure drag, sometimes called foam drag, is generated due to the shape of the object. As the fluid flows around the body the local pressure and velocity changes. Pressure measures the momentum of the fluid molecules and if…