Surface mining

total energy use in the US. However coals is a finite resource,harmful to the environment and also affects human lives. Scientists predict that supply of coal will deplete in a century and the use of coal is harmful to the environment in that the mining of coal degrades land, it pollutes air, causes heating of lakes and rivers, and causes health issues for workers working in coal plants. Americans must find a new resource to replace coal; American find a resouce that not only is renwable but one…

in Chinatown” taken by Williard E. Worden in 1903. As the name suggests, the photography depicts the Chinatown at midnight by using a long shot. There are Chinese traditional buildings along on the sides with dim lantern lights reflecting on the surface of ground. The photograph has a grey tone overall, which enhances a sense of quietness. The photographer uses the technique of perspective to suggest the endless Chinatown streets and attract the audience to go deeper and deeper. The most…

years no measurable precipitation falls at all. The terribly dry conditions of the deserts is due to the year-round influence of subtropical high pressure and continentality. Western winds blow away from the 30-degree latitude belt, causing light surface winds and intense heat that evaporates moisture in the air. Low-latitude or tropical deserts are located between 18 and 28 degrees, the areas centered on the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer. Since the winds blow north above the equator and…

test the area for pre-existing seismic faults, ground water, and oil and gas deposits. The test begins by creating a small shock wave on the surface with either an explosive buried in the ground, or a “stomper” truck that vibrates the ground. When the shock waves strike items of different densities they reflect back to surface at different rates. On the surface, the shock waves are detected by a geophone. The results can then be analyzed and a 2D or 3D seismic image can be generated. (McFarland,…

almost completely made up of invisible gaseous substances. Most air pollutants are invisible, and most of them are concentrated in large cities which can be seen as smog. One often visible air pollutant is particulate matter, especially when the surfaces of buildings and other structures have been exposed to it for long periods of time or when it is present in large amounts. Particulate matter is made up of tiny particles of solid matter and/or droplets of liquid. Natural sources include…

decades as it is the biggest and longest natural coral reef in the world. With thousands of exotic aquaculture species that are exclusive to that region only, it has become one of the heritage national marine parks in the world. However, with the mining boom in Queensland, more ports and industrial activities have been taken places along the coastal regions to boost exporting efficiency, neglecting the health of the GBR. The opportunity cost of boosting Queensland’s annual GDP was the health and…

everywhere on the other side. Sinkholes can occur naturally by the loosening of a cavern by the water eating away the limestone. Sinkholes can also be caused be cave ins from mining, or a increase in water from irrigation or other sources can cause, or speed up the problem. Another less common occurrence is the building or mining of a mountain that is actually a volcano like Mount Saint Helens. The interaction can speed up eruptions, but occurs by itself anyways. More commonly bedrock can be…

6-7 million people infected with this disease, and 10,000 deaths a year. It is frequently found in people, dogs, cats, and wild animals in Central and South America, especially in farm lands where poverty prevails. Deforestation for agriculture, mining, and urbanisation purposes seems to be the biggest cause for people to be in contact with these vectors. Because of this, triatome vectors adapted to human environments, feeding on domestic animals and individuals. Leading to a transmission cycle…

One degree is the difference between freezing and melting. One degree is the difference between surviving and thriving. One degree is the difference between the global average temperature of the year 1900 and the year 2014. The world has seen a 0.66º C increase in temperature, and while it may seem like a small change, it will have a major effect on daily lives and the ecosystem in the near future (Global Land and Temperature Anomalies). The main contributor to this increase is the effect of…

(Hadjiliadis, 2013). A report by the American, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health stated due to pneumoconiosis in the US from 2000-2009, 10,000 miners died Castleden et al., 2011). However, with improving methods on coal methods of coal mining and cleaning have reduced harmful effects. As stated in the Medical Journal of Australia (Castleden et al., 2011) due to monitoring and regulations introduced there has been a fallen number in coal workers pneumoconiosis. Even through…