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DNA Modification DNA is the ultimate carrier of an organism’s genetic information. The particular sequence of amino acids determines a being’s height, eye color, susceptible diseases, and precise blueprint. Recent studies have shown that this genetic outline does not have to be permanent. New fields of science such as epigenetics and germ line editing are slowly reshaping the status quo of genetics. Genetic modification is no longer limited to food and animals because scientists are…

Crohn’s Disease is a systemic autoimmune disorder progressively rising in the United States. People of all ages are affect. But, it seems to be more dominant in people between the ages of 14 – 35, including those that smoke cigarettes, family members with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Jewish descent. Crohn’s disease is chronic, causing abnormal inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, affecting the end of the small intestine to the beginning of large intestine. It affects the…

Etiopathogenesis Crohn’s has a couple of genes that contributes to its existence. The most know gene is the NOD2/CARD15 “nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2” that is located on chromosome 16.This chromosomes main function is to help the body attack foreign invaders, it identifies the virus or bacteria and initiates the auto immune system to respond to the invasion. Mutations to this chromosome can increase the chances for a person to get Crohn’s disease, more than 40…

9) Drink Black Coffee Coffee has more uses than just waking you up in the morning, studies are showing that coffee, specifically black coffee, can help you control your weight and manage your hunger pangs. A study done by researchers at Brooklyn College showed that caffeinated coffee significantly lowered hunger during the study period. Eleven men, all at a healthy weight, were given one of three beverages: caffeinated black coffee, water with caffeine, or decaffeinated coffee, they were then…

genetic changes that happen because of exposure to a certain environment, like a city with high levels of air pollution or living in a house with high levels of the chemical radon. “Acquired changes in certain genes, such as the TP53 or p16 tumor suppressor genes and the K-RAS or ALK oncogenes, are thought to be important in the development of non-small cell lung cancer. They may also make some lung cancers more likely to grow and spread than others” (Possible Causes of Non Small Cell Lung…

(blocks EGFR from signaling the cell to grow). Another major form of treatment of NSCLC is chemotherapy. Some mutations that cause NSCLC include EGFR mutations that occur at exon 18-21. HERS2 mutations can occur at exon 20. Inactivation of tumor suppressor pathways such as TP53 is another mutation involved in NSCLC. There is a current study going on which involves testing a new drug called dacomitinib. This is an emerging drug for HERS target therapy for NSCLC. Not only does it work for HER2…

The innate immune system is the defense mechanism that is activated immediately or shortly after the body is exposed to invading microorganisms.1 This system is quick in response and does not have a memory, meaning it doesn’t need previous exposure to the foreign microbe’s antigen before it can be activated.2 The adaptive immune system consists of antigen-specific immune responses.2 This system is slow in response because after it is exposed to an antigen, it needs time to process the antigen…

Legalizing Hemp Legalizing the use of hemp would help our economy in more ways than one. It would help give a more natural alternative to the products the United States already produces such as for food, feed, and oil. Dr. Edward from the Global Healing Center states that “Hemp is illegal to produce in the United States because of its distant relation to THC-laden cannabis sativa.” (“Hemp Production Should Be Legalized” Para. 4) The Prohibitive Marihuana Tax Law is the bill that outlawed hemp.…

Cancer is said to be a disease which abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue and cells. Today cancer is a leading disease that affects people all over the world “About one in eight women in the U.S. will be affected by breast cancer at least once in their lifetime”. The chances stand that about two women in our classroom will have breast cancer at least once in their life. By learning about breast cancer you can gain knowledge and understand a disease that could possibly…

This article talks about how people react when they are/feel excluded. Certain people have different coping mechanisms for this and reasons why they are hurt by being excluded. The authors in this article go in depth as to what factors could lead people to having a lower sense of fear that people get from exclusion and the psychology behind it all. The main theory of this article basically acknowledges the fact that people are discomforted by rejection and exclusions. When people are excluded…