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Mixed contamination of PAHs and metals occur ubiquitously in the environment, but their combined toxicity to humans and other organisms are not fully addressed. The data from epidemiological, animal and in vitro studies indicated the nature of interaction between PAHs and metals varies from synergism to additivity or antagonism. In this chapter, the combined toxicity of PAHs and metals on toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic endpoints, and possible mechanism of actions were discussed. In addition,…

Unfortunately, some companies have mismanaged their greatest asset—their brands. This is what befell the popular Snapple brand almost as soon as Quaker Oats bought the beverage marketer for $1.7 billion in 1994. Snapple had become a hit through powerful grassroots marketing and distribution through small outlets and convenience stores. Analysts said that because Quaker did not understand the brand’s appeal, it made the mistake of changing the ads and the distribution. Snapple lost so much…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION FAST FOOD Fast foods are termed as fast, simply accessible and low-cost alternatives to home-cooked meals, in line with the National Institutes of Health (NIH). They additionally tend to be high in saturated fat, sugar, salt and calories. In line with the federal agency, several fast food chains have passed through growing public awareness regarding nutrition by giving some food that are lower in fat and calories than their nominal fare. Fast food is the term…

However, the large drop in PalmKid’s contribution margin per unit combined with a decrease in the actual number of PalmPro units sold as well as a drop in the actual contribution margin per unit below budget, led to the total contribution margin being much lower than budgeted. Other factors could be discussed here––for example, it seems that the PalmKid did not achieve much success with a three digit price point––selling price was budgeted at $149 but dropped to $102. At the same time,…

Benefits of direct marketing: Buyers • Home shopping- fun, convenient and hassle free, time saving, larger variety. • Comparative shopping possible- browsing through online catalogues. • Somebody else other than buyer can order goods. • Business customers- learn about new products & services- time saved in meeting sales people. Sellers • Buy mailing lists- any group : left handed, overweight, millionaires • Personalize and customize the messages- build continuous relationship with…

"Well, use your head, son," he said, smiling. Which really meant, "That's all I'm going to tell you," or "I don't know the answer, so don't embarrass me." A Partnership Is Formed The next morning, I told my best friend, Mike, what my dad had said. As best I could tell, Mike and I were the only poor kids in this school. Mike was like me in that he was in this school by a twist of fate. Someone had drawn a jog in the line for the school district, and we wound up in school with the rich kids. We…