Sunspot

The sunspots number could consider to be a tracer for the solar activities which has a strong influence on the space weather. Also, the sunspots consider to be an important solar future which has a well-known distribution over a certain time represent the solar activity. The sunspot numbers R_m has a good relation with solar activities, so R_m can be used as an indicator for this kind of sudden eruption and for prediction the forthcoming solar activity. To predict solar activity there are many techniques some are purely statistical and others related to physics (Kane 2007[1]; Du et al. 2008[2]; Pesnell 2008[3]).The availability of the historical records of yearly sunspot numbers in the time of three centuries published in SIDC website encourages…

We are going to start a study of sunspot today. And I think you will find it interesting. Now I am going to assume that you know that sunspots, in the most basic terms, are the dark spots on the Sun's surface. That ' Ll do for now. The ancient Chinese were the first to record observations of sunspots as the early as the year 165. When later European astronomers wrote about sunspots, they did not believe that the spots were put on the Sun. That's for their Belief at the time that the heavenly…

in the Suns core and what is released from the core, which we cannot learn from other venues of research. 7. Briefly describe the three layers that make up the Sun’s atmosphere. In what ways are they different from each other? a. The photosphere is the “sphere of light” and the first layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. (Slater) b. The chromosphere is the “sphere of color” and the second layer of the Sun’s atmosphere. (Slater) c. The corona is the Sun’s outermost region within the atmosphere. d.…

In the article, Tomasz Nowakowski explains how the decrease of solar activity can impact Earth through a colder climate. For instance, a Lomonosov Moscow State University researcher explains that if the theory of a colder climate is the effect the solar activity is true, then it will lead to a significant temperature reduction. However, the temperature reduction will not be as intense as the Maunder Minimum because our future minimum will last about 30 years. In addition, the sun currently has…

Summary Assignment #1 Sunspot Cycle: A Brief History In 1610, shortly after viewing the sun for the first time through a telescope, Galileo became the first European to observe sunspots, which are visibly darker, cooler areas on the sun. A little over 200 years later (in 1843), amateur German astronomer Samuel Heinrich Schwabe discovered that there is a cyclical, eleven, and by extension to a full cycle, twenty-two year pattern to the variation of sunspot counts known as the sunspot cycle. In…

knowledge, such as math and astronomy, and base natural philosophy on only theoretical knowledge. While Galileo was winning the battle in redefining natural philosophy, his biggest challenge did not come until the debate over sunspots. Galileo’s argument that sunspots were actual spots on the sun would imply that the heavens were not the pure, unchanging plane that Aristotelian…

On the photosphere of the Sun it can be observed groups of dark spots. These dark spots are called sunspots and are temporarily, during from a few days to a few months. Sunspots are observed as dark compared to the surrounding areas because of the low temperature compared to the rest of the photosphere. The reduced temperature at the sunspots is due to high magnetic fields that counteract the convection preventing hotter material to reach the surface.\par The sunspots can be seen with the naked…

The Sun is far from fully understood and today the two biggest questions related to the Sun is the reason for the high temperature in the corona and how to explain the sunspot cycle \cite{PB}. The Sun is far from fully understood and today the two biggest questions related to the Sun is the reason for the high temperature in the corona and how to explain the sunspot cycle \cite{PB}. The Sun is far from fully understood and today the two biggest questions related to the Sun is the reason for the…

Yes, the sun is getting hotter however, that does not necessarily mean that this is a contributor to global warming. In the last 1000 years the sun has been burning 10% (Scudder, 2015) more brightly than ever recorded, therefore the radiation given off by the sun is greater. Sunspots have been of interest to scientists that are researching this topic, as sunspots are areas of the sun where the suns energy output is heightened and they emit extremely hot material into space (Perry, 2015). A study…

Sunspots have been observed since the time of Galileo when he used the telescope to observe the sun. They are visible through a telescope as darkened spots on the sun caused by an area of extreme magnetic activity and dramatically lower temperatures (compared to the average temperature of the sun). The sunspots are approximately 2,000 degrees’ kelvin cooler than the photosphere which is why they appear darker against their hotter surroundings. The diameter of a sunspot varies from approximately…