Sumer

Throughout human history a nearly innumerable amount of cultures have risen, each developing their own sets of sociological norms and beliefs. In complex societies, like Sumer, these norms developed further into laws or were expressed in religious texts. In History Begins at Sumer, Samuel Noah Kramer identifies parallels among the religious literature of ancient Sumerian society and the modern holy book of Christianity, the Bible. While there are certainly many differences among the Sumerian…

Each river valley civilization invented something to make their settlements more civilized. Compared to China, Indus, and Sumer, Egypt seemed to be the most advanced. They made many things that people still use today. Not only did they create things for beauty, but they made mathematical and anatomical advancements. Sumer was a part of the Fertile Crescent. This was the crescent like shape in between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Egypt was located next to the Nile River. The Nile gave…

Egypt was isolated because it was surrounded by the Eastern and Western Deserts, the Red Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. The ancient Mesopotamian civilization was affected by other empires that took control over Mesopotamia, including; Babylon, Sumer, Akkadian Empire, etc., while Egypt was mainly isolated and was a unified society. Early Egypt took the idea of writing, a main part of culture, from Mesopotamia, re-invented it from scratch, and used their writing in a similar context as…

Catalhoyuk was a town that developed more than 9000 years ago and was tightly packed with 8000 people. Everyone had to live on top of each other which seems to me could have gotten very difficult at times. With all their houses being piled upon one another they seemed to be very well organized and a have VERY advanced society. They even buried the dead beneath their houses... sounds extremely terrifying to me. Men and women were equal in the labor department and they both had low life…

“Because they slew the Bull of Heaven, and slew Humbaba…between [Gilgamesh and Enkidu] let one of them die” (The Epic of Gilgamesh, Tablet 7.5-8)! In the poem, The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh, demi-god and king of Uruk, suffers a tragic loss as his close friend, Enkidu, who assisted him in building an “eternal name,” is sentenced to death. Subsequent to the slaying of the monstrous guardian of the Cedar Forest, Humbaba, and the Bull of Heaven, the gods choose Enkidu to pay the ultimate price in…

worshipped a goddess of love and war. These similarities between the two goddesses allowed Enheduanna to justify the conquering of Sumer by the Akkadians,influencing the minds of the Sumerians by creating propaganda. In the Ishtar handout, it says, “Destroyer of foreign lands, you have given wings to the storm, beloved of Enlil you made…

physical civilizations. 
 Many aspects of architecture show inspiration from African structures. For example, ziggurats built in ancient Sumer are similar to step pyramids…

Mesopotamia, but more specifically, Sumer, sparked the beginning of narrative art as a pictorial convention in the ancient world. A spark that has carried on into another society, Ancient Egypt, which has since then been a hot spot of art artifacts. There are many parallels and differences that can be drawn between the artifacts of each society, such as the Standard of Ur and the Palette of King Narmer. One of the most significant turning points in art history is the discovery of the Standard of…

The early Mesopotamia people of Uruk, an ancient city of Sumer, became the first Sumerian city-state; thereafter each Sumerian city then became center of a small city-state. Each city-state had its own independent ruler that ruled by divine sanctions and each city-state including the ruler served a particular…

Throughout history, every civilization in the world needed Business to grow and develop. In the 1500s, world nations such as West Africa, East Asia, and South America began to develop global trade systems. This transpires to be the earliest time in history where countries all over the world interacted and traded with one another, stimulating economies and administering the active business. Business is an essential concept in the modern world and was the sole reason why pre-modern civilizations…