Sulfur mustard

The experiment outlined by this lab report demonstrated the idea of synthesizing tert-butyl chloride through an SN1 reaction. The SN1 reaction took place with a polar protic solvent taking the place of the leaving group (alcohol) and creating a new replacement bond with the carbocation to form a tertiary chloride structure. The product was then tested for this structure by reacting it with two substances: sodium iodide and silver nitrate. These tests were to demonstrate that if the product…

are one of the most commonly used chemical weapon. These blistering agents consist of sulfur mustard, nitrogen mustard, lewisite and phosgene oxime (“Blister Agents”, 2017). According to “Blister Agents” (2017), “Blister agents were first tested in combat in 1917 by Germany and have been used in several conflicts since, notable in the Iran-Iran War (1980-88)” (p. 1). According to “Blister Agents,” (2017), “Mustard agent was first used as a CW (chemical weapon) agent during the latter part of the…

Ypres was during world war one it lasted from the nineteenth of October to the twenty-second of November, the year was 1914 and it was fought in western Belgium. It was used on that day by the Germans they were battling French and Belgian. They used mustard gas they had an upper hand with the use of chemical weapons but fueled the fire for the Geneva Convention. But the allies won the battle, after a long battle because they most likely were deployed with gas masks to protect them from the…

volunteered to test protective clothing for the Navy. He was told that it was safe he was just Following orders, he wore a gas mask and special clothes and was escorted into a 10-foot by 10-foot chamber, which was then locked from the outside. Sulfur mustard and Lewisite, poisonous gasses used in chemical weapons, were released into the chamber and for one hour each day for five days, the seaman sat in this noxious vapor, on the final day he became nauseous, his eyes and throat began to burn,…

combat. One of the most deadly forms of modern combat is the use of Chemical Weapons. Most of these weapons are now more sophisticated and complex than they were before. One of the earliest examples of the use of Chemical Weapons is when Germany used Mustard Gas to burn…

Medical Advances in World War II Medical advances in World War II changed the outcome of the war to help the Allied forces based on the impact they had on those wounded or disease-ridden during battle. Many soldiers risked getting injured or even risked their lives in the war to save the lives of many others. The soldiers that got hurt needed to be helped as quickly as possible for the best chance of survival. There were many common injuries soldiers got because of the kinds of attacks on them.…

During this time, research was done on vesicant war gases. In an accident, sulfur mustards were spilled on a group of troops. Observations of their bone marrow and lymph nodes showed marked depletion. Milton Winternitz of Yale began to study the chemistry of the mustard compounds in search of potential therapeutic effects through experimentation on mice. Regression was found through the use of nitrogen mustard, which spurred human testing. It proved successful in lymphoma patients in the 1940s…

Many health issues that soldiers face during World War II were from a range of environmental and chemical hazards. Many, along with civilians, encountered harmful sounds, radiation, and chemicals like mustard gas were health risks that many faced throughout and after war. Noise came from many different elements, like gunfire, explosives, rockets, machinery, and aircraft. Most of the problems included hearing loss and tinnitus, which is ringing in the ears…

common bacterial strains can decompose the thiosulfate solution into sulfite, sulfate, and elemental sulfur. In addition, NaCO3 was also added to create a slightly basic solution, protecting it from rapid decomposition into sulfite and sulfur. The thiosulfate standard was then wrapped and stored in the dark since light can catalyze the decomposition of thiosulfate into sulfite and elemental sulfur. In order to standardize the titrant, KIO3 is dried for 1 hour. The purpose of this step is to…

1. Chemical warfare agents are classified as either persistent or non-persistent, which is determined based on the volatility of the chemical. A chemical is classified as highly volatile if it evaporates and disperses rapidly into the environment and is classified as non-persistent. Some examples of non-persistent chemical agents include: hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sarin (GB), chorine, and phosgene. These agents present an immediate but short-lived threat because they evaporate rapidly after…