Sulfonylurea

The purpose of the homeostatic system is to maintain a stable environment despite fluctuations in the external environment, homeostasis meaning ‘same state’. Glucose homeostasis refers to maintaining blood glucose levels in the human body. Glucose is one of the most important energy sources. For various tissues in the body, such as the brain, glucose is the only substance used. It is important that there is a continuous supply of glucose for this reason. For homeostasis of the internal…

Hernandez, M., Mollo, A., Marsal, J. R., Esquerda, A., Capel, I., Puig-Domingo, M., & Mauricio, D. (2015). Insulin secretion in patients with latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA): half way between type 1 and type 2 diabetes: action LADA 9. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 15(1), 1-13. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-15-1. The authors included 95 total participates diagnosed with either LADA (n=32), T1DM (n=33), and T2DM (n-30) between the ages of 30-70 to study the levels of C-peptide and insulin secretion…

Diagnosis Diabetes can be defined from two different perspectives. A medical’s perspective is defined as a series of metabolic condition linked to hyperglycaemia and caused by defects in insulin secretion, and some complications include the eyes, kidneys and peripheral nerves. A patient’s perspective is defined as a lifelong condition requiring change in your daily diet, monitoring blood levels and visits to the doctor. There are four different categories of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an…

Overview Diabetes is a metabolic condition that causes the body’s blood glucose (sugar) levels to rise higher than normal. Type 2 diabetes was originally known as “adult-onset” or “non-insulin dependent” diabetes, though it has changed because type 2 diabetes may be diagnosed before adulthood and sometimes needs treatment with insulin. Type 2 diabetes is quite different than type 1 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas secretes too much insulin ultimately trying to keep up with the body’s…

1. The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine also known as T4 which maintains metabolic rate of all cells and processes of cell growth and tissue differentiation. 2. Calitonin is secreted by the thyroid gland and maintains calcium and phosphorus blood levels by inhibiting the transfer of calcium from bone to blood, increases calcium storage in bone, and increases renal exertion of calcium and phosphorus. 3. The parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone or parahormone which regulates calcium…

Diabetes Mellitus is a hormonal disorder of the pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a lack of insulin, which requires lifestyle and behavioral changes. There are three types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 that are separate and distinct pathophysiological entities, and Gestational Diabetes. According to Kowalski (2012 p.1294) “Type 1 Diabetes results from destruction of the pancreatic beta cells because the beta cells of the…

reported 190 million patients worldwide. Use of oral antidiabetic medications is increasing along with a proportional increase in adverse events. Oral antidiabetic medications can be separated by mechanism of action into two groups: hypoglycemics (sulfonylureas and meglitinides) and antihyperglycemics (biguanides and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors). The hypoglycemic agents pose a significant risk of morbidity, mortality, and permanent sequelae secondary to prolonged periods of hypoglycemia.…

Diabetes and hypertension is a prevalent, worldwide epidemic that is on the rise. Everyday, more and more people are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension (HTN); at times, some patients are diagnosed with both. In 2012, 1.7 million new cases were diagnosed among people who are aged 20 years or older in the United States. According to the CDC 2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report, 29.1 million or 9.3% of the United States population have diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes. In…

HCL (Glucophage), which belongs in a drug class called Biguanides. Biguanides reduce the production of glucose produced in the liver by destroying it before it has an effect on the body. Common side effects are GI upset and lactic acidosis. Sulfonylureas are another classification of drugs used for the treatment of T2DM. It stimulates insulin release from the pancreas. Instruct clients to monitor for hypoglycemia and to stop taking the medication if they become pregnant. Thiazolidinediones…

The article, “Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation,” explains that this particular procedure is often performed in instances when supraventricular tachyarrhythmia contractions of the atria occur, better known as atrial fibrillation (Hoke, 2015). The rationale behind catheter ablation which involves an electrical removal of tissue surrounding the pulmonary veins, is done in order to control the heart rate and rhythm by, “eliminating or altering the trigger that it initiates” (Mager, 2015,…