Substitution reactions

7.59 From the stress–strain data for poly(methyl methacrylate) shown in Figure 7.24, determine the modulus of elasticity and tensile strength at room temperature [20°C (68°F)], and compare these values with those given in Tables 7.1 and 7.2. Solution From Figure 7.24, the elastic modulus is the slope in the elastic linear region of the 20C curve, which is The value range cited in Table 7.1 is 2.24 to 3.24 GPa (325,000 to 470,000 psi). Thus, the plotted value is a little on the…

Introduction Enzymes, which speed up a chemical reaction without being consumed or changing the products of the reaction, are very important because they control the cellular activity of all living organisms. Enzymes are also described as being “catalysts”. In biological systems, specific enzymes catalyze particular cellular reactions. Each enzyme has a unique 3-D shape, and this shape determines which reaction it catalyzes. However, in order for a chemical reaction to move forward, an energy…

In this experiment, the effects of environmental conditions on enzyme activity are explored. An enzyme is better known as an element produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. The environmental condition that was examined were the effects of temperature on enzyme activity. The raw materials that were used in this experiment were potato pile used to create catechol oxidase, catechol, and water which added as the solution. With Pipets and…

It is known that the reaction was a single replacement reaction, so the products are magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Therefore, the balanced equation would is: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2. This equation is used to discover the amount moles of hydrogen gas produced by looking at the mole ratios. The…

you about consumers and minimum wage workers being the backbone to their industry. Enzymes are. Enzymes are biological protein catalysts that encourage chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to take place. Once the reaction is complete, enzymes are left unchanged and able to move on to the next reaction. For this reason, enzymes have proven to be valuable resources for industries. The reusability of enzymes are especially useful in food production, fabric…

In Marie de France’s poem “Bisclavret,” a baron named Bisclavret trusts his wife with personal information that he has always kept to himself: he is a werewolf. After much probing, he also tells her that the only way for him to transform back into a human is by putting his clothing back on, which is why he hides them next to the woods and by the path. Rather than being loyal to her husband, the unnamed and horrified wife goes to another knight who has been trying to court her for years and tells…

to characterize the dienone structure synthesized. The information gathered from the UV/VIS analysis was then compared to a computer model of the desired product to analyze the optimal 3D structure of the dienone. The base catalyzed condensation reaction was used to form the product for analysis, followed by vacuum filtration to recover the product. Both a melting point analysis and a UV/VIS analysis were used to analyze the composition of the obtained product. Finally, the computer model was…

tablet was dropped into the water, it began to fizz and make the water look like a carbonated drink such as Sprite. Carbon Dioxide is the gas that humans exhale and what is produced with Alka-Seltzer and water react, the chemical equation of the reaction is, (H2O + C6H8O7 + 3NaHCO3…

the base catalyst of the reaction. The next step was the preparation of benzil from the oxidation reaction of benzoin with nitric acid. In the oxidation reaction, the alcohol functional group of benzoin was oxidized to form the carbonyl functional group of benzil, while the nitric acid was reduced into a mixture of nitrogen oxides that formed toxic brown fumes. The final step was the preparation of tetracyclone from the aldol condensation reaction of…

information about chemical reactions and how a catalyst is used to speed up reactions. We have learned that enzymes (proteins) in eukaryotic cells work as a catalyst to make this possible. Each enzyme in a eukaryotic cells has specific molecules it binds to, as they have a specific frame work. This specific frame work of the enzyme is known as the active site, designed to fit very specific substrates (molecules). This creates the enzyme-substrate complex where the chemical reaction takes place.…