Subduction

The movement of earth's crust is capable of shifting huge volumes of water, then it unleashes great and powerful waves. Among nature's most powerful forces of destruction, these waves are called tsunamis. The Japanese term means "harbour waves". Tsunamis are a series of large ocean waves of extremely long wavelength and a period which is suddenly displaced on a massive scale by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake occurring on or near the seabed or a volcanic eruption. Tsunamis hit…

The quake was capable of igniting raging fires, which broke out in the city and lasted for several days. The flames were quick to spread due to electrical lines and ruptured gas lines. It is estimated that up to 90% of the total damage was the result of the subsequent fires that burned uncontrollably (1906 San Francisco Earthquake and Fire). San Francisco was utterly destroyed. Around fifty different fires began fuming in San Francisco, and eventually coalesced into a grand firestorm that…

Unlike the East coast, the natural disaster that is most common in the West coast is earthquakes. As common as earthquakes are, there are only so much we know about the elements involved; such as fault lines. The topics discussed are what and where earthquakes occur, its history, and earthquake preparation in California. Earthquakes are known worldwide as a shaking of the ground. However, this just how people see the phenomenon where destruction follows. According to Christopher Scholz and his…

Oklahoma County has not been really active. Before the earthquake swarm started in the Jones area, there was only 7 earthquakes per year in Oklahoma County. But, since the Jones swarm started, there are a few hundred earthquakes per year. And, since January 2009, eastern Oklahoma County has been shaking off and on. Most of the quakes are around Jones, Oklahoma. The Oklahoma Geological Survey was interested in the 10,000 percent increase in seismic activity. Austin Holland, a seismologist for the…

Mexico City is the most popular metropolitan area in the western hemisphere. Mexico City is the really warm but it get’s really cold in the winters. It’s considered to be the safest part in Mexico. Mexico City is the largest popular area in Mexico(Wikipedia). Mexico City is the southern end of the plateau of Anahuac(Wikipedia). Mexico City is located in Mexico, and Mexico is in North America(Wikipedia). Mexico City has a lot of landforms such as Mexican Plateau‎‎, rivers of Mexico City,…

Volcanoes can destroy the land all around them. There are volcanoes all around the world, some may be dormant then may become active. There are some volcanoes that destroyed all of the living things around them, such as, Vesuvius, and Mt. St Helens. Some volcanoes are very different from the others. There could be different ways a volcano could erupt. Vesuvius and Mt. St Helens both destroyed a great amount of land around them. Furthermore, the two volcanoes caused Earth quakes. In addition,…

In 1912, German meteorologist Alfred Wegener proposed the theory that all the continents were once all one continent and then later drifted apart and separated leading to the seven continents we have today. He thought that 200 million years ago there was one large continent that he called Pangea, which means “All-Earth.” During the Jurassic period the continents were believed to break up into two smaller continents which were called Gondwanaland and Laurasia. The continents were breaking into…

The topic of this discussion is to explain why Africa and South America are moving apart. The drifting apart of Africa and South America has to do with the theory known as the theory of plate tectonics. Based on this model, the crust the coolest part of the mantle, make up Earth’s strong outer layer, known as the lithosphere. Right beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere, the hottest part of the mantle. Rocks at this depth are very near the melting temperature, and respond to forces by…

VMS deposits occur in a diversity of shapes ranging from flat lens shaped to large sheet-like sulphide mineral rich bodies (Allen, et al., 2002). The preferred environment for these deposits to form in is submarine near a seafloor opening i.e. black smokers, where hydrothermal fluids escape and precipitate on the ocean bottom (Evans & Moon, 2006). The mineralogy of Kidd Creek VMS deposits often consists out of more than 60 different ore minerals and ore-related gangue minerals, of which 90% or…

Japan is associated with so many natural disasters. This is because the island, Japan is located where the North American, Pacific, Eurasian, and Philippine plate meet, also known as plate boundaries. Japan is also located where the Pacific plate and the Philippine plate are subducting. This results in the stress building up where the two plates are subducting. How do plates move? Well, plates move when uneven heating in the mantle creates currents. This current is a convection current, and…