Subclavian vein

The conventional on pump CABG employed CPB to extracorporeal oxygenate the venous blood through the machine and then pump the blood back to the patient while the surgeon perform anastomosis between a graft and a coronary artery. During the surgical procedure, a cross-clamping was applied on the aortic artery to provide myocardial protection, and the heart was induced to cardioplegia with drugs, so the surgeon can perform anastomosis on a motionless field, thus guaranteeing the quality of the…

Pulmonary Atresia is a very serious type of congenital heart condition. There are actually two main characteristics: 1) The pulmonary valve, which allows the blood to flow from the heart to the lungs, is completely blocked. 2) There is a large hole- ventricular septal defect- between the two main pumping chambers in the heart. You see, in a normal heart, the blood passes the pulmonary artery to the lungs to collect oxygen. With people who have pulmonary atresia, the blood can’t pass through…

Cardiovascular System The cardiovascular system consists of the blood vessels and the heart. They function is to circulate the blood around the body to all the muscles. The red blood cells carry oxygen to all the muscles through the vein (carries blood to the heart). The veins have thin walls and contain blood under the low pressure. The arteries (carries blood away from the heart) have thick muscular walls and small passage ways. They contain blood under high pressure. The last blood vessels is…

lines the arteries and veins. The tunica intima, is a single layer of squamous epithelial cells that lines the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system. In many veins, the tunica intima is equipped with pockets that act as one-way valves. These valves prevent the back flow of blood and allow the veins to act as supplemental pumps that help to keep the blood following in one direction, back toward the heart. The activity of the skeletal muscle that surround the veins will create the…

homeostasis; and transport gases, waste, and hormones. The different types of blood vessels are: arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vessels that carry blood towards the heart are veins and the vessels that carry blood away from the heart are arteries. Gas exchange occurs in the capillaries. 2. Describe the layers of blood vessels. Describe the differences between arteries and veins. The layers of blood vessels are: a hollow interior (lumen), contains an outer…

capillaries and Veins. All arteries (with the exception of pulmonary and umbilical arteries) transport Oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. They branch off into smaller structures named arterioles which lead to the Capillaries. In the capillaries the blood exchanges materials (e.g. o2 and CO2) with the tissue fluid of neighbouring cell. Afterwards the deoxygenated blood travels out of the capillary network, through the venules (smaller veins) and to the veins. The veins…

patient also had a White Blood Cell Local Study NM which is an imaging test that uses a radioactive material. How it works is that blood is drawn from the vein and the white blood cells are separated from the rest of the blood sample and then mixed with a small amount of indium-111. The tagged white blood cells are injected back into the body through a vein and the cells will gather in areas of inflammation or infection and scans will be taken three hours’…

his lungs. Even though my patient was on deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis and participating in rehabilitation, an ultrasound doppler of his legs revealed four deep vein thrombosis, one in the left knee, left calve, and two more DVTs in the patients right calve. He was transferred to the critical care unit for anticoagulant therapy to try to dissolve the clots and monitor his condition. His diagnosis was multiple Pulmonary Embolisms and Deep vein thrombosis. Besides osteoarthritis the…

Operative Management of Portal Vein/SMV Trauma: Can We Just Ligate Case Scenario: A 21-year-old male presented to the emergency department after he was stabbed in the abdomen. On examination, his vital signs were significant for a systolic blood pressure of 70 mmHg, heart rate of 120 beats per minute, and a right upper quadrant stab wound. Given the concern for intra-abdominal bleeding, he was taken to operating room for exploratory laparotomy. The patient had a large right zone 1…

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. The deep veins pass through the deep tissues of the legs. These veins transport blood from the legs and feet back to the heart. The superficial veins are located beneath the surface of the skin, and the deep veins run between muscles of the legs. Contractions of these muscles helps to squeeze the blood towards the heart when we move our legs. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are…