Subclavian vein

Pseudoaneurysm A pseudoaneurysm occurs when there is injury to an artery. The injury allows blood to leak out of the artery. The leaking blood collects or pools and is contained in the nearby tissues. CAUSES The most common cause of this condition is a procedure that involves inserting a thin tube (catheter) into an artery, such as an angiogram. After an angiogram, if the insertion site does not fully seal, blood may leak out of the artery. Other causes include: • Trauma to the walls of an…

Forskolin This Forskolin substance that people are talking about is a natural medical herb. It comes from the base or the root of the Plectranthus barbatus plant. Forskolin is a member of the mint conglomerate which is fathered by the plant Coleus forskohlii. For many years, natives of Thailand, India and Nepal have used Forskolin to mend heart problems, angina and even hypertension. Apparently, the substance acts within the heart muscles and walls of the blood vessels to render an…

1 Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) 1.1 Introduction Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. Different types of cardiac operations are performed every day in hospitals varying in complexity to treat several lesions such as coronary artery bypass graft, heart valve replacement and total heart replacement. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a crucial technique employed in the majority of these operations (Punjabi and Taylor 2013). It takes over the function of the heart and…

Aneurysm is a common disease affecting about half of the world population, mostly find in men. Aneurysm origin is usually the walls of the blood vessels or the branches of the arteries. As the Aneurysm grows it tends to get larger in the walls of the arteries which can cause discomfort. There are two main types of aneurysm: cerebral aneurysm and aorta aneurysm. An aneurysm can be diagnose with .Regular screening or x-ray, and once taken place, the doctor can determine if surgery is needed…

Blood is the only liquid in the body that is classified as connective tissue. Its function is to transport oxygen, metabolic wastes such as carbon dioxide and nitrogenous waste from the kidneys. Regulation of the body’s pH, body temperature, and maintenance of the liquid volume in the circulatory system. Lastly, protection by way of Leukocyte activation and preventing blood loss by way of the platelets in the blood. Blood is composed of 55% plasma (water, salts, plasma proteins, and other…

2.1. The left ventricle and interventricular septum The heart has two inferior chambers, called the right and left ventricles, respectively. These chambers are the “pumps” that expel blood into the blood vessels and keeps it flowing through the body (Rizzo, 2016). The left ventricle is a cavity that has thick muscular walls that contains the papillary muscles as well as the chordae tendinae that attaches the atrio-ventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles (Leeson, Augustine,…

(with their contained fluid, blood). The heart is a muscular organ and pumps blood to all parts of the human body by the process of contraction. Pure-.oxygenated blood is carried by the dhamani (arteries) and impure-deoxygenated blood by the sira (veins). Some common cardiac ailments and there Ayurvedic management is discussed below High blood pressure (Hypertension) Cause: Age factor is the leading cause of hypertension. With passage of time the elasticity of the blood vessels particularly…

Blood pressure is the pressure applied by blood on the walls of blood vessels, it is controlled by a negative feedback system where heart rate and blood volume need to be altered in order to control the pressure. Local negative feedback systems and heart rate is regulated but the cardiovascular centre which also in turn controls neural and hormonal mechanisms. Neurons regulate heart rate and contractility and some neurons inhibit, stimulate or control heart rate by causing constriction which…

the capillaries. It’s in the capillaries where the diffusion process takes place to exchange molecules of oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide of nearby cells, after leaving the capillaries blood is collected into venules the smallest of veins then into veins of increasing size until it reaches the heart [6]. The right side of the heart receives blood returning from the tissues and pumps it towards the lungs,…

A polygraph is a common instrument of measurement to calculate and document physiological aspects such as respiration rate, electrodermal activity, and heart rate. The relevant uses of measuring respiration rate as well as heart rate are quite common in a wide variety of applications. However, electrodermal activity and the galvanic skin response are not commonly measured things in places such as the medical field, or education. Electrodermal activity (EDA) refers to the variation of the…