Student's t-distribution

3.8.2 Geary’s C Another measure of spatial autocorrelation is Geary’s C statistic which ranges from 0 to 2 where 0 signifies maximum positive spatial autocorrelation or clustering, 1 signifies no autocorrelation or randomness and 2 signifies maximum negative autocorrelation or dispersal. If the values of Geary’s C are low it indicates positive spatial autocorrelation and if the values are high it indicates negative spatial autocorrelation. The calculation is similar to Moran’s I but here the…

Loss of Innocence Resulting From Racial and Economic Injustice Economic injustice is something that has been around for many years. Economic injustice, or economic inequality, is the difference found in various measures of economic well-being among individuals in a group, population, or country. Injustice is the absence of justice, violation of right or of the rights of another, or unfairness, meaning that the economic situations that many people are in are unfair. Two stories that speak about…

5. Hopf-Andronov-Poincare bifurcation In this section, we shall show that the system (2) undergoes a Hopf-Andronov-Poincare bifurcation by using as a bifurcation real parameter. Without loss of generality, suppose that is a function of and . Then system (2) becomes (29) with . System (29) can be written as (30) where , and is the bifurcation real parameter. The function is a on an open set in . Let be the set of equilibria of system…

“The golden ratio is a special number found by dividing a line into two parts so that the longer part divided by the smaller part is also equal to the whole length divided by the longer part.” (Elaine J. Hom )After the 21st century, golden ratio represents as a phi in Greek alphabet. The equation for golden ratio is a/b = (a+b)/a = 1.6180339887498948420 …,but if we round it two places, it will be 1.62.the golden ratio is also called the golden mean, golden section, golden number and so on. The…

Demand Side Management in Microgrids For some time now, there has been growing concern about the continuous consumption of fossil fuels, coupled with issues of environmental depletion and low energy efficiency for electricity power generation and use. This has increased the use of alternative energy resources (wind, biomass, solar and hydro systems) in forms of distributed energy resources (DERs) or distributed generators (DGs) [1]. However, these distributed generators come with safe and…

whole serves as a public service announcement in order to raise awareness to the government and business to ensure the economic problem is addressed. All in all, the political cartoon expresses the pressing economic issues regarding the unequal distribution of wealth leading to the disappearance of the middle class. The cartoonist provides a wide range of symbols, historical backgrounds, and stereotypes to illustrate the struggle of poverty citizens of the United States must…

structure of inequality has changed since the nineteenth century regarding labor and wealth. The central theme of part three is that wealth is unevenly distributed compared to income. On page 267, [Piketty] makes a powerful statement regarding the distribution of wealth. [Piketty] states, “… the growth of a true “patrimonial middle class” was the principal structural transformation of the allocation of wealth in the developed countries in the twentieth century. The upper 10 percent of the labor…

The top 30 wealthiest Americans own so much, they own more than half the population of the U.S. (Paul Buchheit/Alternet). That is proof that there is inequality still in today's society. The western world has made a great effort since the middle ages, but we still have things like gender inequality, income inequality, and political inequality. You might not think about it, but there is a lot of gender inequality in today’s society. Believe it or not, but in some places, women can't even drive.…

Inequality is increasingly at the forefront of public debate. After seven years, global economies today continue to struggle for recovery from the 2007-2009 Great Recession. Rising inequality is not a new issue, yet the subject and its distribution has been continuously marginalized in the field of mainstream economics. Perhaps it is due to inconsistent views of what economic inequality is, its level of economic consequences, and when inequality becomes unjustified. As a famous economic…

The inequality in income distribution leads to disagreement between people within a society. Krugman explains that income inequality has damaged the social and economic growth. He claims that “Income inequality inevitably brings vast social inequality” (Krugman 563), in which low income families cannot afford health care: “they are more likely to have health problems that derail their life chances” (567). Health outcomes seem to be related to the income distribution, in which people with high…