Strict scrutiny

Summary The primary concern in state policy and politics is a balanced budget. Each state has a strict balanced budget requirement. The National Conference of State Legislature reports that forty-nine states must have balanced budgets. The one state that is exempt is Vermont. In most states, there is a general fund budget and a non-general fund, which state policymakers must balance. The most significant fund is the general fund where the State tax collections reside. Federal grants,…

The aim of rule of law is to ensure that public officials and authorities exercise the powers conferred on them in accordance with the law, without exceeding the constitutional limits of such powers put in place by Parliament. Two of the most central means by which the rule of law is enforced are through judicial review and human rights law. Both act as agents of the rule of law by controlling the power of the state and protecting the rights and freedoms of its citizens. Over the course of this…

The Court, in a 7 to 1 decision authored by Justice Kennedy, found that the courts below gave too much deference to the university and failed to apply appropriately strict scrutiny. Adopting a tougher standard than either Bakke or Grutter, the Court said, "The reviewing court must ultimately be satisfied that no workable race-neutral alternatives would produce the educational benefits of diversity. If a nonracial approach…

pressure, and unwarranted touching. Because of these threats, women are fearful to walk alone on campus. Unfortunately, it is challenging to find a reasonable punishment for offenders. Because of this difficulty, many universities have been under scrutiny based upon how they control these issues. Women attending…

With the strict regulation on pharmaceuticals that the Food and Drug Administration enforces, an observer would assume that one of the biggest companies in the business, GlaxoSmithKline, would never be under scrutiny for unethical practices. Unfortunately, this producer of everyday drugs and products does not have such a squeaky clean record. GlaxoSmithKline has come under fire since the mid-nineties for their unethical medical trials and questionable human experimentation practices.…

together, and to prevent any kind of disunity that might open it to destruction by material or ideological enemies. It was forged for a necessary purpose and accomplished that purpose. (Miller 1) Salem’s creation as a religious haven, reliant on the strict following of Puritanism, also created an overarching oppression of its citizens, whose desire to follow their religion is marred by the threat of hell and their inability to receive penance for their sins. Salem also suffers from its inability…

Amendment, which prohibits the state, and therefore public institutions, from discriminating based on sex. The Court evaluated the claim using the intermediate scrutiny standard established for sex-based classifications. This test grants less deference to the state than a rational basis review, but it is less exacting than strict scrutiny. Justice Ginsberg, writing for the majority, made it clear that VMI’s all-male admissions policy and its subsequent attempt to create a parallel institution…

The role of media in everyday life has changed dramatically over the past 100 years, evolving and helping to shape the future of society. From printed press, radio, T.V. broadcasts, and social media, the information is seen by almost everyone. The role of media in our lives is to inform us of current events and keep society focused and updated on important matters. While this may seem to be a simple task it has turned into a very complex ordeal in modern day America. The news has evolved into…

Achieving a diverse student body has been a goal within education since the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) that “separate but equal” violated the Fourteenth Amendment. Lipson (2007) state selective universities has been practicing race-based affirmative action and other racial diversity policies since 1960s. Many institutions try to establish methods to diversify the student body that does not discriminate against any particular group of…

Burwell V. Hobby Lobby Stores Corporate exercise of religious freedom is continually a source of contention within the United States. Many argue that corporations are not entitled to the rights and liberties of citizens. Some, however, believe that these corporations act as an extension of the people running them. Either argument has significant implications on the national level. In this paper, I will analyze the cause, reasoning, and effects of the Supreme Court’s decision on Burwell v.…