Stratigraphy

Basin, which according to the authors, was made into an anthropogenic landscape at this time (Zhuang & Kidder, 2014). Some geological scientists have disputed the concept of the Anthropocene, and do not consider it a valid epoch. Hedberg (1976) stated that a geological period must demonstrate a change in the rock-record, and some geological critics have stated that the concept of the Anthropocene is a political statement, and that there is a lack of physical evidence as strata (Finney & Edwards, 2016). However there has been significant evidence within the discipline which supports a new geologic era. One example of geological evidence for the Anthropocene includes lake sediments, which show marked stratigraphic transitions, and land stratigraphy marked by pollution, such as plastics and ropes (Zalasiewicz et al., 2017). This change in sediments demonstrates sediment starvation and is a reflection of the effects land-use changes and human products have had on the Earth. Dean et al. (2014) conducted a study, focusing on isotopes to determine whether the impact humans are having on the environment are significant enough to push the Anthropocene forward, and discovered that human impact on global environments was visible in changes in isotope geochemistry. Zalasiewicz et all (2008) stated that “sufficient evidence has emerged of stratigraphically significant change … for recognition of the Anthropocene … as a new geological epoch to be considered for formalisation by…

there is an Anthropocene epoch, we still live in the time period referred to as the Holocene epoch which began 11,700 years ago. There have also been arguments by scientists who suggest that the population of humans has grown so rapidly as to increase the control over the earth’s systems that we should call the current epoch the Anthropocene (Monastersky, 2015, p.145). Yet, confirmation of the said change in the earth will be the deciding factor as to if there is actually a human-caused…

Evolutionists use the geological column as a means of supporting their theory of evolution. The geological column is the theory of a sequence of rocks extending through time from the oldest at the bottom to the youngest mud, dirt and sand deposited on the surface. In many locations around the world, fossils have been discovered that run through many layers of rock. These fossils are known as polystrate fossils. This occurs when a fossil is deposited quickly and through a very large event, such…

The excavation of an historical site is intended to provide us with information about the past and the manifestations of its culture and society. The excavation of Knossos in modern day Crete aimed at investigating the ancient Palace of Knossos(II) known only from ancient myths. Different archaeological methods were employed at the site to discover, identify and record findings. The physical excavation of the site was was most important aspect of the investigation, which helped identify…

Archaeologists today have a wide selection of ways to correctly date ancient artifacts. The available methods allow them to accurately date objects that are hundreds of years old up to a few million years old. Dating methods are used to find out about how old an artifact may be, or how old it is exactly. Relative dating methods are stratigraphy and style analysis. Absolute dating methods used are absolute dating, radiocarbon dating, uranium-lead dating, and luminescence dating. Stratigraphy as…

millions of years while others, like the Holocene, have covered far less than that. The length and division of the period on the time scale depend on the extent of changes to the Earth, as well as the presence of spikes in GSSP. Following a catastrophic event, the Earth’s surface and processes significantly change, therefore signaling the beginning of a new period. For the anthropocene, the presence of a catastrophic event may be lacking, but there are substantial changes in certain places.…

Sequence II depicted by previous lake level underlying an unconformity and sequence III being the oldest and deepest (Crossley, 1984, Scholz, 1995, Soreghan et al., 1999) . I. Tukuyu-Karonga basin stratigraphy It is one of the basins in north and northeast of Lake Malawi and is useful in understanding the geology of the area; figure 2.3 shows the stratigraphy of the central, eastern and western region of the basin. Precambrian period contains metamorphic rocks while Neogene age contains muddy…

time period, the author cites various studies and experiments to show different impacts that humans have had, and when those impacts have been most profound. In order to create a new geologic time period, the evidence must be significant and extensive. Past time periods have been studied and segmented based on analyzing ocean sediment, ice cores, rock layer, and changes in the fossil record. For the oldest time periods, more evidence is available since strata have had a great deal of time to…

archaeologists at dig sites once looters discover them. 2) I selected the case of Loma Negra, a northern Peru cemetery site located in the Pirua Valley. Looted in 1969, most of the artifacts found at Loma Negra are made of sheet metal, and archaeologists now believe they belonged to either the Moche or Vicus cultures. However, without archival context, archaeologists are unable to identify the objects further. With no organic material, the objects cannot be radioactive carbon dated, and with…

The exploration process of the Appalachian Basin consists of drilling resources from the basin. Expectations of natural resources available below must be studied prior of exploration. Stratigraphy and geologic location go hand and hand here. Regulations within location need to include aspects of site preparation, quality output of the gas, yield output of resources, data processes, and how restoration can be done in the overall process. Mineral rights have generated a growing ownership argument.…