Stomach

the inferior end of the esophagus called the gastroesophageal sphincter prevents the contents of the stomach from regurgitating into the esophagus” (Amerman pg.557). The normal homeostasis of the esophagus is when food is swallowed, the lower esophageal sphincter which is a circular band of muscle around the bottom part of the esophagus it relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow down into the stomach then closes again (GERD: A). GERD occurs with one problem such as the muscle not properly…

amylase, which mixes with and further breaks down, the food. The next stage in digestion happens in the stomach. The stomach secretes gastric juice which the stomach utilizes to prevent bacterial growth and kills bacteria in the food that enters the body. There is then the major digestive of breakdown of proteins which occurs during the stomach digestion. Pepsin is an enzyme found in the stomach and is used to degrade proteins from food into peptides.…

Introduction The gastrointestinal tract (GI) comprises of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and the anus. Also, digestion process start from the mouth; the ingestion of food stimulate the salivary secretion (mouth), the food is chewed before its passage through the esophagus down to the stomach where mechanical and chemical digestion takes place. Pepsinogen from the chief cells helps with the digestion of protein, amylase from the saliva and…

It is 10 inches long and connects the Pharynx to the stomach. The oesophagus runs parallel to the trachea and is narrowed at three points, behind the cartilage of the trachea, where the left bronchus and aorta cross in front of the oesophagus and where the oesophagus enters the stomach. The main function of the oesophagus is to transport the bolus from the oral cavity down into the stomach. The movements of the bolus are caused by peristalsis. The salivary amylase continues…

prevention of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transportation to the nucleus, in this manner preventing the transcription of genes that can cause inflammation [4]. The adhesive properties of Helicobacter pylori are crucial during the initial phase of the stomach colonization as wells for survival since attachment provide the means by which H. pylori obtains nutrients [116]. H. pylori possess two major adhesion molecules of BabA and SabA. The blood group antigen binding adhesion (Bab A) allows…

to it. Once it enters the mouth, chemical and mechanical steps work to break the cookie into smaller pieces and remove its nutrients for use by the body. Tracing the digestion of a cookie involves a quick trip down your esophagus, a churn in the stomach and a slow, winding movement through the intestines. The Mouth The digestive process begins before the cookie even enters your mouth.Once you take a bite, your teeth initiate…

It is time to begin our tour through our body, and see how the digestive system really works. First the digestive system is broken down into eight sections. Those eight sections are the oral cavity/ tongue, the esophagus, the stomach, the small intestine, the large intestine, the liver, the pancreas, the gallbladder, the rectum, and lastly the anus. Our first stop is the oral cavity or the mouth. The food is taken into the digestive system by the mouth. The mouth itself contains…

way are functioning at an optimum but when one is compromised it eventually impacts on the entire tract. This is evident when there is Hypochlorhydria or low stomach acid. When there is a depletion of hydrochloric acid (HCL) the entire digestive process is affected, from mechanical and chemical digestions to absorption of nutrients. The stomach secrets HCL which maintains the low pH (between 1.5- 3) during the gastric phase of digestion. This is critical for the phases that follow and due to the…

surgeon makes one long incision in the abdomen. If there it is a hernia, it is repaired first with stitches to tighten the diaphragm and stop the upward bulging of the stomach. Then, the top portion of the stomach is wrapped around and stitched to the end of the esophagus to prevent acid, fluids, and food from leaving the stomach and flowing upward into the esophagus. The incision is closed with sutures or staples. Laparoscopic Fundoplication: The surgeon makes a few small incisions in the…

People who undergo gastric bypass surgery are at risk for: CX Pouch stretching, Band erosion, Breakdown of staple lines, Leakage of stomach contents into the abdomen, and Nutritional deficiencies causing health problems. Gastric bypass surgery also may cause dumping syndrome symptoms include nausea, weakness, sweating, faintness, may cause diarrhea after eating, gallstones, anemia, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease. The more extensive the gastric bypass surgery, the greater the risk for…