Stiffness

Ageing Worldwide, the proportion of people aged over 60 years is growing faster than any other age group [1, 2]. This can be considered a result of both longer life expectancy (decreased death rate) and declining fertility rates [3]. In 2006, it was estimated that 688 million people were 60 years or older, and, by the year of 2050, this age group is expected to increase to 2 billion, becoming larger than the age group of children under the age of 14 years [1]. In Australia, the number of…

the disease progresses, however, the patient will probably notice that there is stiffness in the joint or joints, with pain and tenderness in the affected areas. According to Cojocaru, Cojocaru, Silosi, Vrabie, and Tanasescu (2010), the number of joints rheumatoid arthritis affects is highly variable, but it, unfortunately,…

Ohemaa Asantewaa Ofori-Addae BIO 150 Poliomyelitis Polio is a very contagious illness that is caused by a virus. Poliomyelitis is caused by a human enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family and caused by poliovirus. The polio virus can be transmitted from one person to another through oral contact with secretions or through fecal contact from an infected person. Polio can cause paralysis, difficulty in breathing and even death. Polio sometimes affects children most often. In spite of so many…

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, progressive, degenerative joint process where the articular cartilage layer on the ends of bones at the joints deteriorates, and the bone plate gets thicker and more sclerotic. Additionally, this affects the joint’s protective mechanisms including ligaments and muscle. OA is manifested as a monoarticular or polyarticular phenomenon and is often asymmetric. It can occasionally appear as a more generalized disease. OA usually begins asymptomatically when the…

disorders emanates from disturbances caused on the central nervous system (Cacioppo, 2013). According to Cacioppo (2013), injuries to the brain can lead to Cerebral Palsy, which is a non-progressive disorder mostly characterized by muscle weakness, stiffness, shakiness, or even difficulty in…

Headache is diagnosed by history and physical exam (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Patient most likely has migraine headache without aura because patient has unilateral pain, throbbing quality, moderate intensity pain and nausea. According to Dunphy et al. (2015) migraine without aura requires two of the following characteristics; they are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate to severe intensity and exacerbation by physical activity. In addition at least one of the following must be present:…

cancer. The Pa is currently being treated for the following DX: HTN, LE edema, OA in knees and shoulders, and hypothyroidism. Pa experiences dizziness, weakness, fatigue, pain in knees rated 8/10 before meds, LE swelling in legs, ankles and feet, stiffness in knees and shoulders, weight gain and unsteady gait. Pa had no recent hospitalized nevertheless she reported one fall while trying to stand up. Pa did seek any medical treatment. The Pa appears to be exhibiting signs of cognitive impairment.…

Inflammation is a good thing. It is the natural way your body responds to threats such as infections or wounds. We have all seen inflammation at work when we have pain and redness at an injury. We say it looks inflamed, and it literally is, because injury activates the inflammatory response. When is inflammation a problem? When inflammation lasts for long periods of time, we call it chronic, and it can cause problems. Some common causes of chronic inflammation include allergies, autoimmune…

1.0 Introduction In this report, we will explore possible shapes of a skateboard deck to see how it will affect the performance and mechanical properties. We will use a solid rectangle cross section as our reference shape to derive a shape factor that aims to keep the deck as light as possible. We used a solid rectangle as our reference shape because it is the ideal shape for commercial skateboards. This will allow us to directly compare our explored shape to what is currently used in the market…

Parkinson’s disease is a disorder that renders the central nervous system and motor cortex of the brain to become classified as a movement disorder. Symptoms from Parkinson’s may include muscles becoming tense and contracted leading people to feel pain or stiffness. Other symptoms may include a stooped posture, a slow shuffling walk, inability to keep motion, and postural instability leading to a development of a stooped position. Although doctors cannot link what exactly leads to Parkinson’s to…