Sternum

What is comparative anatomy, and what can we gain from it? Comparative anatomy is Organisms that are closely related to one another share many anatomical similarities. Sometimes the similarities are conspicuous, as between crocodiles and alligators, but in other cases considerable study is needed for a full appreciation of relationships like in cats and humans. Many anatomy students will end dissecting a cat long before they go near a human cadaver, there are many reasons for this such as lack…

There are multiple factors that contribute to the build-up of plaque in the vessels and in turn, the development of atherosclerosis (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p327). The disease attacks different arteries in the body, but the most harmful conditions involve damages to the vessels of the brain and the heart (Silverthorn et al., 2009 p329). Understanding of the structures and mechanisms that take place in the heart and the brain to allow for blood distribution is a critical component for anyone…

Marfan Syndrome is a disease causing effects to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, lungs, bones and joints. Other parts of the body which can be affected are the hands, chest, torso and the length or tallness. For those who play sports this disease can end their careers. Due to the pressure around the heart, lungs and blood vessels heavy activity is could lead to death. I chose this topic because I was tested for Marfan Syndrome due to large hands which are referred to as basket hands and for…

P1: Ankylosing spondylitis, or AS, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the axial skeleton with a strong link to genetics, which mainly effects the joints of the spine and the sacroiliac joints of the pelvis. The strong genetic links sit with the HLA-B27 gene which has unusual properties in those with AS, and there is evidence to suggest that it may interact with the T cell receptors in association with CD4. Evidence suggests that AS has association with, not only the HLA-B27 gene,…

All it takes is a total of eight minutes, eight minutes for a person to receive brain damage and then die when their heart stops beating. “... [T]he lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few minutes"(Mayo Clinic). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, most commonly known as CPR, is a technique used in many emergencies such as a heart attack or a near drowning experience, in which someone's breathing, has stopped or their heartbeat has ceased (Mayo Clinic). Using CPR during…

assisted her in removing them. Megan followed Addison’s lead and released the two hooks responsible for shielding the swell of two pulchritudinous breasts with tightly coiled nipples. Addison ignored the continuous collision between her heart and sternum, leaned forward and met Megan halfway. With closed eyes, Addison absorbed all sorts of newly discovered erotic sensations—succulent scents, breathtaking kisses, and spine-tingling touches—all produced at the helm of another woman.…

Chronic lymphocytic Leukemia A common type of leukemia that is slow growing and affects developing B cells that form antibodies, rendering them un-functional (O'Brien & Gribben 2008, pp.1-2). The defining factors of this leukemia is its ability to be asymptomatic for a long duration of time and to be commonly found amongst aged populations and not noticed in its early stages (Malek 2013, p.2). This cancer is found in the bone marrow produces in excess lymphocytes which can be best described as…

Sex Identification In regards to the human os coxae, Bruzek et al. worked to develop a new tool for sex estimation based on the measurements (Bruzek 2017). They used a database of known sex subjects to develop the Diagnose Sexuelle Probabiliste v2 (Bruzek 2017). The combination of different dimensions can be used to determine likely sex, and as dimensions are added the likelihood increases to higher that 90% (Bruzek 2017). This method used ten metric variables in order to identify the likely…

Discussion: 1. Compare the ratio of the lengths of the intestine in earthworms, frogs, pigs, and humans. What significance do the lengths have with respect to the organism? Based on dissection, it was noted that the length of the intestine in earthworms, frogs, and humans all vary in sizes. The intestine of the earthworm is about two-thirds of the worm 's body length. The length of the small intestine of the frog is 3 feet while its large intestine is about 1 feet. A pig 's small intestine…

1 Hypothalamus – a small region of the brain that is a major link between the nervous and endocrine system. The hypothalamus controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, fear, rage, and sexual behavior. The hypothalamus control feeling such as pain, stress, and emotional experiences. (1) 2 Pituitary gland – the “master endocrine gland” because it secretes many hormones that control other endocrine glands. It is a “pea-shaped structure that attaches to…