State President of South Africa

It talks about how Black women freedom before and during Reconstruction in the South, being resistant of sexual oppression, economic oppression and trying to maintain her womanhood by any means necessary. It breaks down the myths and untold truths about the jezebels and mammy, “One of the most prevalent images of black women in Antebellum…

we reach the mountaintop of our desires.” During his fight against apartheid, Mandela had to pass through that valley many times in order to bring about change in South Africa. When he became South Africa’s first president, he worked to end racism in his country. His ultimate goal was for every race to experience freedom in South Africa. He had to endure many hardships, including being imprisoned for twenty-seven years, but he eventually reached the mountaintop of his desires. The story of…

Opposition in South Africa, where HIV and AIDS were a significant problem, came from the then president Thabo Mbeki who conveyed many controversial views towards AIDS and its treatments. As Aberth notes, Mbeki expressed doubts over a life-extending drug, abbreviated AZT, and stated that there needed to be “an…

It was June 1993 and I was walking to church on what felt like the hottest day of summer. I had just witnessed the police assaulting innocent people. Scared and confused, I immediately turned back and ran home. It was the first time leaving my house without my mother and I did not want to wake her since it was only 5 am. I had no idea that police brutality was so common that I cannot walk on the street for 10 minutes without seeing white police officers beating innocent pedestrians. I came home…

of people because of his fearless fights for the civil and human rights around the world. He led several campaigns and protests in South Africa against the apartheid system. This system separated the South African people by their skin colors. Therefore white and black Africans did not have the same and equal rights. Due to Mandela’s actions, the leaders in South Africa who supported racial segregation arrested him. According to the preparation material, Mandela was imprisoned for 27 years, this…

of Jimmy Carter and why he is someone we should all strive to be like. America’s 39th president, Jimmy Carter came from a small country town from a humble family and life and fought his way to the top by beating racism out of the country and following his morals. On the 1st of October 1924 James Earl Carter, or Jimmy Carter as he is known to the world, was born in the small country town of Plains in the US state of Georgia. His father, James Carter Senior, own a peanut…

three minority exclusion models that shaped the political opportunities and barriers for minorities in the United States. Apartheid was a system of government in South Africa that separated whites and non-whites. It was harsh on nonwhites politically and economically. It was enforced using violence and was very expensive to be maintained. The Same system was adopted by the US in South. Economic and political disempowerment is depriving a racial/ethnic group of its rightful and legal rights that…

Oh Freedom, Oh Freedom, Oh Freedom, Freedom is coming, oh yes I know! These lyrics belong to the South African song, “Freedom is Coming” which was sung to rejoice liberation in South Africa. The power of freedom is something people have always fought for and celebrated. The word holds different meanings and connotations in different contexts. “Free”, in terms of this paper, means a person who is not property of a slave owner. Rather than focusing on the legislative emancipation of slaves, it is…

and shadowy existential realities, alluded to in The Hollow Men. In a sense, black activities and intellectuals from the Harlem ghetto resemble them. They are human beings full of hunger, disease and fear which situate their condition not in ancient Africa or Europe but America as limbo itself. Having experienced acculturation or alienation, the black ex-slaves become neither African nor European in outlook. Their sad king or leader named Doris (“I” in this verse) is “Shape without form, shade…

decentralisation in the early 1990s in Africa have transformed the practices of power and authority on a local level. A closer look at the African political landscape reveals the existence of other forms of institutions that operate at the same level as the state and are contemporaries of its institutions, but can be “either rivals, watchdogs, parasites or servants” of state institutions (Ferguson 2014, p. 59). Lund (2006) terms these “twilight institutions”; they operate between state and…