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Type 1 DM can be caused by family history, disease of the pancreas, or infection and illness. Type 2 DM can be caused by obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, low HDL levels, sedentary life style, ethnic background, and polycystic ovary syndrome…

Diabetes is known to be a disease in which the body fails to produce or respond to the insulin hormone and is therefore seen as impaired and results in elevated levels of glucose in the blood and urine. Diabetes is sometimes called “The Silent Killer,” but should also be known to his effects. Diabetes is the cause and the effects are to be many but especially Diabetic Neuropathy. Therefore, people should know the kinds of diabetic neuropathies, where the nerves are affected, and what their…

membrane of the kidneys. This leads to transport of aquaporin water channels (AQP2) to the apical membrane of the collecting duct principal cells. Water permeability is induced in the membrane resulting in water reabsorption in the principal cells. 1 The four types of diabetes insipidus (DI) include central DI, nephrogenic DI, gestational DI, and dipsogenic DI. Central DI is most common and results from traumatic injuries…

Diabetes mellitus is a condition that affects body’s ability to use the energy found in food. Normally, when body breaks down sugars and carbohydrates, it converts into glucose. With the help of hormone insulin, glucose fuels the cells in human body. In diabetes, many reasons that the cell can’t take glucose. Later, accumulation of glucose in blood can occur. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form in adults. In Type 2 diabetes human body does not use insulin properly. Twenty six million of…

diagnosed. Every year, 13,000 kids are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and more than 1 million American live with the disease every day. Type 1 diabetes is categorized as an autoimmune disease in which the body’s pancreas does not make enough insulin. Insulin helps the body convert sugar into energy. Without it, sugar builds up in your blood and can reach dangerous levels. To avoid life-threatening complications, those diagnosed with type 1 diabetes must take insulin for their entire lives. No…

What is glycogen storage diseases type I (GSD1)? Glycogen Storage disease type I (GSD1) is the most common type of glycogen storage disease detected in most people. An inherited defect in the enzyme glucose – 6 – phosphatase (G6Pase) is the sole cause of this metabolic disease. GSD1 can be categorized even further into two sub categories based on its location and other defects, GSD type Ia and GSD type Ib. Without G6Pase properly functioning, there would be a break in the final step of…

Primary adrenal insufficiency (also known under the eponym Addison’s disease) occurs when the adrenal glands situated on top of the kidneys produce inadequate amounts of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid hormones. Autoimmune destruction of the aforementioned glands is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency in the developed countries, whereas tuberculosis is the second most frequent cause worldwide. A plethora of autoimmune comorbidities can be associated with primary adrenal…

exhibit different mechanisms of action from conventional anti-diabetic drugs.1 They inhance the body’s own ability to lower blood glucose when it is elevated. This action of…

and aggressive effector T cells is disturbed” (Buschard). Most individuals who are diagnosed with type 1 diabetes may still produce some insulin; however, over time will need to get insulin shots or an insulin pump in order to keep their blood glucose levels where they need to be. Many wonder how people get type 1 diabetes, and the answer is that it is in most people’s genetics; because type 1 diabetes is not formed due to bad eating habits and not being healthy, scientists have found that…

food a person eats. While glucose is important because it can give us energy when insulin helps the latter in getting into our cells (MedlinePlus, 2016), high sugar level is detrimental to a person's health. There are two type of diabetes: (i) type 1 diabetes where in the body can no longer produce insulin; and (ii) type 2 diabetes, the most common type, which hinders the body from making use of insulin accordingly (MedlinePlus, 2016).Diabetes management programs are made in order to improve a…