Staining

The abuse of alcohol by teenagers is a rapidly growing problem. In this day and age, alcohol is presented to the public in glamor of a guaranteed good time, but does not show the consequences that come with it, including other problems outside of the law. Teenagers involved in the consumption of alcohol often times begin to see a decline in their academic performance. Failing grades due to the lack of sleep over the weekend because of partying takes a greater toll on the body than teenagers…

The analysis of genetic markers for identification of biological evidential material in forensic science began with ABO blood group serology in the early part of the 20th century. The appreciation that individual genetic variation could be used to exclude suspected individuals from criminal activity propelled the analysis of other gene products including isozyme and polymorphic protein determination by slab gel electrophoresis. Forensic DNA analysis was introduced in the 1980s and became…

David Detzer once said, “A city is simply a passel of people packed in a pot like pickles.” America, the largest urbanized country in the world, doesn’t necessarily mean that every city or town must have at the least a million people living in them. America has both a mix of large urbanized cities, and small rural towns. There are major differences in their location and lifestyle. However, with those differences, there are also similarities between their values and pace. The location is the most…

Bismuth is the 83rd chemical in the periodic table. It is found as a natural metal on the surface of the earth. Bi has a ground state electronic configuration of [Xe]4f145d106s26p3 and trivalent and pentavalent Bi, Bi(III) and Bi(V), respectively, are the two predominant oxidation states. [27] It was discovered over a thousand years ago but was often confused with tin and lead. It is a prevalent post transition metal, which chemically resembles arsenic or antimony. Bismuth is the most naturally…

The karyotype can help identify abnormalities in the structure or the number of chromosomes. To help identify chromosomes, the pairs have been numbered from 1 to 22, with the 23rd pair labeled "X" and "Y." In addition, the bands that appear after staining are numbered, the higher the number, the farther that area is from the centromere. In the past decade, newer techniques have been developed that allow scientists and doctors to screen for chromosomal abnormalities without using a microscope.…

Bats are one of the world’s most abundantly diverse and geographically spread mammalian species (Schountz, 2014). When bats come to mind, one would generally associate them with haunted or dark environments, but the main reason why bats are feared has to do with their ability to act as reservoirs for pathogens that cause infectious diseases in humans. Reservoirs of pathogens are essentially places where the pathogen is able to grow and accumulate over time. The reservoir and the pathogen have a…

The Elena Gallegos Open Space area sits near the base of the Sandia Mountains on a piedmont surface. This exercise was intended to gain insight into the mountain-front landforms of the Pino Embayment area. Through the use of surficial geological mapping and soil descriptions we were able to establish relative ages of geomorphic surfaces of the area and determine whether the area displayed qualities of alluvial fan and pediment surfaces. The geomorphic setting of the study area showed…

Kaempferol is a natural polyphenol, secondary metabolite (flavonol), a type of flavonoid, found in a variety of plant-derived foods. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 276–278 °C. It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress. Many studies suggest that consuming kaempferol may reduce the risk of various cancers, and it is currently under consideration as a possible…

Erdheim-Chester Disease is a fatal and an extremely rare disorder that can affect many different organs of the body. It is characterized by excessive production and accumulation of specific cells whose normal function is to fight infections. These cells, which are called histiocytes, infiltrate the loose connective tissue (lipid-laden macrophages) of the body. As a result this tissue becomes thickened, dense and fibrotic. Multiple different organs can be affected. Unless successful…

erythema migrans rash (bull’s-eye rash). First-line treatment is oral doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime, which have equivalent efficacy for the treatment of Lyme disease. Doxycycline is not recommended for children under the age of 8 because tooth staining may occur. It…