Spore

scab in infected leaves on the orchard (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2013). The typical peak season of primary scab is from mid spring to mid summer (BC Ministry of Agriculture, 2016a). Then, lesions develop on the leaves and release asexual spores (conidia) that causes the secondary infections (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2013). In the second stage, apple scab will remain active and spread largely (BC Ministry of Agriculture, 2016a). It is tough to suppress apple scab during the…

One of the most well known bacterial diseases is strep throat, which is caused by the streptococcal bacteria. To cure strep, most doctors would prescribe antibiotics. However, without the discovery of penicillin, strep would still be a very dangerous infection. Penicillin is an antibiotic from the mold penicillium notam, and works by indirectly breaking down a bacteria’s cell walls. The drug prevents a protein from repairing holes in the wall, and by osmosis, water rushes in and the bacteria…

diminished greatly due to the use of vaccines and antibiotics that are used to prevent and treat this disease. According to Devarajan, (2014, p. 1 of 3), "Haemophilus influenzae is a small, pleomorphic, gram-negative coccobacillus. It is a non-motile, non-spore-forming, fastidious, facultative anaerobe." This bacteria has six different strains which may or may not have a polysaccharide capsule. Each one of these is serotyped (a-f) based on their different…

In the text it states, “Fleming saw a ring around the mold. After some experimentation he noticed that the ring was actually bacteria free and it was a rare spore called Penicillium Notatum.” (Lane 121) This evidence from the text explains that Fleming accidentally left chemicals in his lab and when he arrived home he noticed that there was a ring of mold that was bacteria free and it had a cell called penicillium…

Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the Kingdom Plantae (Plant, 2018). Kingdoms are the main divisions which scientists use to classify all living things on Earth. Biologists have discovered 500 000 species of plants, of which 250 000 are angiosperms and are dominant in plant study (Encyclopedia, n.d.). Seeds are a small embryonic plant, which is enclosed in a small covering, called a seed coat, with stored food inside until they can obtain their energy…

his own and found the exact opposite results as Needham. He reported 1765 that broth did not create living things. Finally, Louis Pasteur was the one to deliver that final blow that disproved spontaneous generation once and for all. He proved that spores in the air caused organisms to grow in broth. Perseus the Hero, a constellation found in the northern hemisphere, was first charted by Ptolemy in the second century. In Greek mythology, Perseus was the son of Zeus. Perseus is most famous for…

past. He was sober again and was even allowed to go to Mexico on a surf trip. Even though Jay is no longer here today he will always be remembered by his contribution to skateboarding rather than his negative past. "’He was like the original viral spore that created skateboarding,’ fellow skateboarder and documentary filmmaker Stacy Peralta told The Associated Press on Friday. ‘He was it’" (HollywoodReporter.com). Even other great skateboarders recognize that Jay will always be understood to be…

2.4 Factors that Affect Colletotrichum sp. Infection and Growth Factors that affect Colletotrichum growth and infection include inoculum concentration, wetness duration, temperature, age of plant, resistant plant cultivar, pH, nutrient and light. 2.4.1 Inoculum density One of the main factors that facilitate Colletotrichum sp. infection and growth is inoculum density. Up till now, according to Diéguez-Uribeondo et al. (2011), disease severity increased exponentially with increasing…

In 1966, DC Comics introduced the world to a psychotic plant loving Poison Ivy. According to Wikipedia, "Poison Ivy's origins were revised in Secret Origins #36, 1988, written by Neil Gaiman." In this story, Poison Ivy, previously known as Pamela Isley, studied advanced botanical biochemistry at a university in Seattle. There, she was seduced by her professor, Dr. Jason Woodrue. Woodrue used her in one of his experiments and injected plant and animal based toxins into her. These poisons not only…

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Since time immemorial microorganisms have played a significant role in the life of mankind owing to the production of the myriad enzymes and secondary compounds that they synthesize (Demain 1981). These micro organism live in a highly diverse environment ranging from hot springs to deep ocean sediments. In the hyper diverse environment where one can find a specialized and unique biological niche is the intracellular space between cells of higher plants acts as suite and…