Spirometry

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease which is referred to as “GOLD” is recognized as the worldwide leading authority for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of COPD. GOLD gives a specific definition for COPD, which is a disease that is preventable and treatable, along with this comes some significant extrapulmonary effects that may contribute to the severity in specific patients. The pulmonary element is classified by airflow limitation that isn’t fully reversible.…

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008 9:45) defines mentoring “as a registrant who has met the outcomes of stage 2, (qualified) facilitates learning, supervises and assesses students in practice settings”. In order to do this effectively, I am going to negotiate learning need by using appropriate strategies to offer guidance, provide feedback to offer support. Working as a Cardiographer in a Cardio-Respiratory department, I am currently mentoring a first year Cardiac Physiology student, to…

climbing up the stairs. Most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking but other factors such as genetics and air pollution also play a minor role (Decramer, Janssens et al. 2012). Usually COPD is diagnosed through pulmonary function tests using spirometry. Two values that are used most often for diagnosing COPD are forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Normally the FEV1/FVC of less then 70% indicates an obstructive disease. That is combined with other…

Burns are one of the leading cause of medical emergencies in the United States. While young child typically under the age of five years old and adults over the age of sixty-five years old suffer with more burns than any other age group. Children and older adults have a harder time healing from serious burns due to the lack of hydration in the body and the skin is so fragile so burns tend to be deeper. Women usually only account for 31 percent of burn patients while men account for 69 percent.…

The management and treatment options for lung cancer depend on the type and staging of the actual cancer. Typically, a thoracic surgeon is consulted to evaluate a patient with this form of diagnosis. Different forms of surgical interventions are available depending on the clinical presentation of the tumor. If surgery is warranted, the goal is to remove the tumor and surrounding tissue if affected by cancer. Surgical options available to aid in eradicating lung cancer include a lobectomy,…

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a term that covers several conditions. All of the conditions consist of blockage of air to and from the lungs and cause difficulty breathing. Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and some types of asthma are the disease which fall under the COPD category. Figures from the World Health Organization say up to 50- 60 million people are diagnosed worldwide with COPD. This number is actually very low because a substantial number got undiagnosed. For…

This paper focuses on the treatment and management of asthma, providing background information on the disease, symptoms and diagnosis. A major argument in this paper is patient self-management education are vital in improving the health outcomes of asthmatic patient. Although asthma has no cure and there is different, treatment and management approaches to kept it under control. Emphasis has been put on the medical care and pharmacological approaches in treating and managing asthma. In this…

Subjective Data This is a 65 year old Caucasian female presenting with complaints of a persistent rarely productive cough lasting two weeks; causing shortness of breath, and orthopnea. She has been treated for this cough three month ago in the emergency room. At that time chest x-ray (CXR) revealed hyperinflated lungs suggestive of emphysema. She refused to be treated in the hospital at that time, ad was sent home with an inhaler and antibiotics. She also refused the pulmonary function test.…

The respiratory system comprises many organs, such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tube, and the lungs, that all have responsibilities to ensure that the body receives the right amount of airflow. However, when the respiratory system is exposed to pathogens, or it is not protected, it can create problems such as, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), orthopnea, and many other minor or major diseases that can cause a patient 's respiratory system to…

A trauma patient sustains a crush injury and rapidly develops hyperkalemia. Which of the following treatments primarily acts to neutralize the effects of hyperkalemia on the cellular membrane? A: Insulin and glucose • This combination can be used to treat hyperkalemia however it does not work on the cellular membrane. Insulin lowers the serum potassium concentration by forcing the potassium back into the cell. This is done by enhancing the activity of the Na-K pump. The reason glucose is also…