Spinal nerve

The spinal cord, part of the central nervous system (CNS), is a continuous cylinder of nerve fibers with thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves branching out into designated regions of the body. The inner region of the spinal cord consists of gray matter. Within the gray matter, afferent neurons terminate from sensory receptors in the body and efferent neurons originate. The efferent neurons travel away from the spinal cord to form synapses with skeletal muscles. These neurons use the same spinal nerves, however afferent axons group together in dorsal roots and efferent axons group together in ventral roots. The outer region of the spinal cord consists of white matter. Within the white matter, ascending tracts carry information from the spinal cord to the brain and descending tracts carry information from the brain to the spinal cord (Standfield, 2011). Dermatomes are areas of the skin supplied by each root by sensory axons and myotomes are collections of muscle fibers supplied by each root by motor axons (Maynard Jr et al, 1997). A reflex is the body’s automatic response to a stimulus. A reflex arc starts when a sensory receptor is stimulated. Afferent neurons carry the information from the receptor to the CNS to be integrated. The CNS sends signals to efferent neurons, which then relay to an effector organ thereby producing a response.…

common remedy is over-the-counter medications. Tylenol or NSAIDS can reduce the inflammation around the spinal area or nerve site (Ullrich, 1). (Ullrich, 1). Injections are also another type of treatment options available (Ullrich, 1). Epidural steroid injections are typically the selection frequently administered. These injections consist of Lidocaine and steroids injected into the pars (Ullrich, 1). Inflammation is subsided for the moment this may perhaps be a sign that the utmost of the…

separate functions and organs and also have their own fair share of problems. The muscular system composes of the tissues and organs that are used to exert a force, whether under voluntary or involuntary control. Muscles are composed of long, slender cells called fibers, and these fibers come in bundles with very few or countless amounts per bundle. Muscles move by either contracting or extending, which is directed by nerve impulses sent from the central nervous system. There are three main…

bicep muscles were activated, the EMG on the bottom trace shows that the triceps were also activated. However, the triceps traces did not produce a large amplitude as the bicep muscles. The data does support the phenomenon of co-activation. The data supports the fact that even though these triceps muscles are activated at a minimal degree, when the biceps are activated. D). The nerve conduction velocity of the volunteers arm can be calculated by a given equation which is equal to distance…

Polyradiculitis, otherwise known as a variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), is a very rare disease where the immune system attacks the spinal nerve roots. Fewer than 20,000 a year get this disease, and I was one of them. It was one day in the early April of 2001. I was a healthy three year old toddler that went from running around and climbing on furniture to not being able to walk. My mom started to notice that I wasn’t walking; but instead I was pulling myself across the floor. I also had…

The notochord is the defining structure of the chordates, and has essential roles in vertebrate development. It is a flexible, rod-shaped structure that is in the embryonic stage of all chordates. It gives the skeletal support and is found in between the digestive tube and nerve cord. In some animal chordates lifetimes it is the main axial support in the body. The dorsal hollow nerve cord is the only feature unique to all chordates. It is located at the top of the animal, above the notochord.…

Nerves and muscles in the body send electrical signals throughout the body- sending and receiving messages to the brain. Electro diagnostic testing helps the doctor to get a better understanding of how those electrical signals are functioning in the body. There are two types of electro diagnostic testing; Electromyography, more commonly known as an EMG, and Nerve Conduction Studies, or NCS. An EMG allows the doctor to monitor and understand the electrical action that takes place within the body.…

Cranial Nerves [Your Name] [Mentor’s Name] [Course Code and Course Name] [The date] Cranial Nerves Introduction The cranial nerves are important nerves in our brain and they are located on the bottom surface of human brain. They are twelve pairs of nerves. Some of the cranial nerves are responsible to control body muscles, some of the cranial nerves are associated with the internal organs or glands such as human heart of lungs and some of the cranial nerves are responsible to take…

The principal effect that make people continue smoking is that the drug excites neural activity and speed body functions. In other words, it makes the body feel good every time he/she smokes because the drug (cigarettes) helps keep motivated the body and feel energetic throughout the year. That is why it is really difficult a person stops smoking. Although, at the same time the drug is killing nerve cells in the brain because it has strong toxins that it can damage the nerve cells and kill them.…

know that as we age our age of motion will decrease, but it can be up to 30% as we reach our senior years. Over the year’s muscle will begin to shorten thus losing their elasticity. For seniors maintain a quality of life stretching needs to be a part of their life. Stretching can increase their joint range of motions, making daily tasks a bit easier to complete. There is no set time of schedule of when stretches should be done, but seniors should aim for 3 days a week, performing each stretch…