Spermatogenesis

oligospermia, impotence, priapism, gynecomastia, prostatic hypertrophy, and prostatic carcinoma. Steroid use in men drops the level of luteinizing hormones and follicle-stimulating hormones which causes a decrease in testosterone production, spermatogenesis, and testicular atrophy (Maravelias, 2005) Steroids also affect the female reproductive system leading to menstrual irregularities, clitoral hypertrophy, uterine atrophy, breast atrophy, teratogenicity, acne, deepened voice, and baldness.…

They showed that all ten of ten germline mutations were derived from the paternal allele on chromosome 13, with 4 of 7 of the somatic mutations being on the maternal allele. The researchers hypothesized that mutations may be more common during spermatogenesis due to the DNA methylation or environmental exposure (Zhu et al., 1989)(Dryja et al.,…

Y chromosome is a sex determine chromosome among many species including modern humans. Modern studies in genome suggested that Y chromosome arose from the accumulations of mutations of other chromosomes and have some special genes on it which determine the gender of the carrier; however, some non-mammalian animals carry the Y chromosome even if their genders are not determine by the appearance of the Y chromosome. The Y chromosome works differently on the mammalian and non-mammalian so in this…

Parasitism is one of several classes of symbiosis. A parasitic relationship is a non- mutual relationship between two organisms. One organism, the parasite, lives off another organism, the host. The parasite typically attacks one host and does not kill the host. However, a parasitoid is another parasitic relationship where there is one host and the host is always killed. Sacculina is a genus of parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles that infect and castrate crabs. This genus was first described by…

Athletes of all kinds strive to be stronger and faster. This characteristic has brought rise in athletes turning to unnatural ways to aid in improving their performance. Androgenic anabolic steroids are what athletes have turned to in order to perform at a higher level in their sport or to improve their body composition. For many years, steroids were abused solely by professional athletes and elite bodybuilders. However, over time this use has spread to recreational athletes and has found its…

We visited the Zoo Miami and we were able to meet with a male giraffe call “Bongo” and three female giraffe call “Mia, Sara and princess Buttercup”. The Latin name for giraffe is Camelopardalis, meaning camel marked like a leopard (Animal Corner). An interesting fact that we learn while visit the zoo is male giraffe are referred as “bulls” and female giraffes are referred as “cows”. Some distinguishing characteristics about the giraffe are its extremely long neck and legs. Giraffes have medium…

had a 1 in 4 chance of having the disorder. no chance of having the disorder. Below is a set of steps following fertilisation in humans. Which is the CORRECT order of events? 1. 2. 3. 4. A B C D Copyright reserved vasectomy. spermatogenesis. oogenesis. mitosis. The embryo is embedded in the uterine wall in…

It is founded on knowledge of reproductive anatomy, physiology, and endocrinology, and incorporates relevant aspects of molecular biology, biochemistry and pathology. In the assessment of patients imaging techniques, laboratory methods and surgery may be needed. Treatment methods include counseling, pharmacology, surgery, and other methods. Reproductive medicine addresses issues of sexual education, puberty, family planning, birth control, infertility, reproductive system disease (including…