Spectroscopy

Literature review It is a stark reality that as people age, their cognitive abilities tend to decrease, including memory capabilities. At the present, scholars have identified three types of memory stores: sensory memory, short-term memory (STM), and long-term memory (LTM). Memory includes primarily three processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Additionally, in order to these processes occur favorably, attention to the information or stimuli presented is vital (Garrett, 2011; Sternberg,…

ABSTRACT Solubility is the phenomenon of dissolution of solid in liquid phase to give a homogenous system.Solubility is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. Poor watersolubledrugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Low aqueoussolubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. Any…

Extraction of alkali from banana peels is known to depend on such parameters as ashing temperature, ashing time, soaking time and particle size of the ashed sample, soil type and variety. Alkali was extracted from three Nigerian grown banana peels namely: Saaro, Oloosun and Paranta for the purpose of determining the concentration of the extracted alkali. The concentration of the extracted alkali ranged from 0.02 to 0.10mol/dm3. The three varieties of the banana peels gave a maximum concentration…

of the same gender and the sample is then immediately secured. The urine sample is then taken to a secure lab where up to 6000 other samples will be analysed during an Olympic games. The samples are then analysed using gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy or by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A mass spectrometer produces ions from the sample being analysed. Next, the ions are separated in accordance to their mass, it uses electronic and magnetic fields to measure the…

In this proposal, we report the design of two bioanalytical sensors: (1) a fluorescence optrode-based optical fiber sensor and (2) a carbon-based optically transparent electrode. The first provides a means for spatially organizing microorganisms to monitor their social behavior in response to different chemical environments. The electrode sensor enables the detection of signaling molecules that are responsible for, or a consequence of, sociomicrobial behavior. Upon their completion, these…

Introduction Molecular orbital theory allows for the relation between the nature of chemical bonds and the properties of molecules.1 Many times, the frontier molecular orbitals, named HOMO and LUMO, are analyzed in order to predict these properties. In this lab, each double bond corresponds to a molecular orbital. The HOMO, or highest occupied molecular orbital is the most energetic (highest n-value) orbital that contains an electron. The n-value is equal to the number of double bonds present.…

Inborn errors of metabolism are a group of rare disorders characterized by metabolic pathway abnormalities. One such disorder is Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) otherwise known as Branched-chain Ketoaciduria, a dangerous condition in which over saturation of amino acids in the blood can lead to toxicity progressing to encephalopathy, neurodegeneration, coma or respiratory failure (Haldeman-Englert, 2015). MSUD results from a malfunction of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex…

INTRODUCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN A designer drug is an analog of an illegal drug that has been modified structurally and/or functionally such that it can be sold in the US because the chemical structure of the substance no longer matches a known controlled substance (Wohlfarth 2010). People, especially teens, can purchase these “new psychoactive substances” (NPS) online and from friends, without an understanding of what they are actually taking. Deaths due to designer drugs happen, and…

1. Discuss how the measurements in Part I (Small Things) relate to the terms accuracy and precision. 2. What is the width of a single DNA molecule in units of centimeters? [The width of the DNA molecule is given by the distance between any two phosphorus atoms recorded in Part II.] 3. Based on your answer to (2), how many DNA molecules would fit across the smallest dimension of the smallest item (from Part I) measured in lab? Write the number in scientific notation. 4. Using the…

Pollution is one of the most serious problems that affect our environment, and its effects on all life aspects are clear to everyone. Because of this, pollution is one of the most serious issues that all the word countries are concerned about. As time goes, the pollution problem increases and also the population growth increase. The increase in demand for water and food supplies place an increasing stress on the ground and surface water quality and quantity. One of the environmental problems…