Spectroscopy

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Incomplete Carbon Glucose Preparation for sulfonated solid acid catalyst must undergo a process which is called carbonization or pyrolysis. Glucose is natural organic compounds had been used as starting raw material because it is cheap and less toxic. Carbonization is an important step before the sulfonation process because it will form amorphous carbon composed of small carbon sheets [B] and produced sites for sulfonic group to be attached or…

In the human body, nearly 70 trillion cells work simultaneously with one another to maintain order throughout the designated body system (Zimmer, C., 2013). However, occasionally mutations occur in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), causing catastrophic events to occur throughout the body. Once these mutated cells have replicated and begin to take over a specified region, the mass then begins to absorb the region’s main source of nourishment: the blood supply. This is known as cancer. Each year,…

Figure 5. Rosiglitazone (highlighted in green) forms three salt bridges with neighboring atoms at the hydrophilic end of the LBD. Rosiglitazone binding to PPARγ causes a conformational change within the complex that causes the dissociation of the endogenous ligand and the recruitment of a nuclear receptor coactivator 2, NCoA-2. This similarly occurs in the other half of the complex: RXRα Receptor A type II nuclear receptor as well, RXR-α heterodimerizes with PPARγ. The ligand that…

Venus Express: Payload, Mission Goals and Venusian Discoveries L. B. Breitenfeld Introduction: In November of 2002, the European Space Agency (ESA) announced that their first mission to the planet Venus, titled Venus Express, would launch in 2005 (Abbott and Schiermeier, 2002; Hoofs et al., 2009). The Russian Soyuz-Fregat launcher in Baikonur Kazakhstan on November 9th 2005, launched Venus Express into space (Fabrega et al. 2007). After traveling a distance of 440 million km, Venus Express…

Nanotechnology can help diabetic patients monitor and control their blood glucose levels. I choose to write about this topic for the following reasons; I was recently diagnosed with the disease, and there is an alarming number of Americans suffering from this disease today. With the help of Nanotechnology, I believe we are on track to a cure in the near future. Here are few of the statistics. There are two types of diabetes diagnosis which are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes is…

Abstract. In this work investigation for the effect of compressed CO2 on the morphology of the produced Polyaniline (PANI) was carried out. The conventional oxidative polymerization using ammonium peroxydisulfate as oxidizing agent was used with and without compressed CO2. The results showed that different morphologies of PANI nanorods and PANI nanoparticles were produced using the conventional polymerization with and without compressed CO2 respectively. Molecular characterization of the…

For every atomic nucleus, its total angular momentum is represented by the symbol I and called its nuclear spin. This spin is then determined by its quantum number, which is represented by the symbol S. Each nuclear spin is associated with a magnetic moment. When this moment is placed in an external magnetic field, these spin states differ in magnetic potential energy. If placed in a static magnetic field with a small amount of spin polarisation however, certain radio frequency signals can allow…

J. Robert Oppenheimer had a very interesting life that undoubtedly influence his works in science. He was born on April 22, 1904 in New York City, New York. The Oppenheimers were Ashkenazi Jews. In his childhood, J. Robert Oppenheimer moved to Manhattan. Early on, Oppenheimer attended Alcuin Preparatory School. However, in 1911, he switched and began attending the Ethical Culture Fieldston School. His family was a part of the Ethical Culture Society. The Ethical Culture Society was an outgrowth…

Verbal memory impairments in schizophrenia associated with cortical thinning S. Guimond, M.M. Chakravarty, L. Bergeron-Gagnon, R. Patel, M. Lepage Background Our memory is a cognitive function that we most call upon. We are constantly using our memory to store numerous amounts of information, which helps us to develop our own bank of common knowledge, which we can later call upon. We tend to consider memory as a whole, when in fact the type of information we memorize and recall, actually…

Kishan Patel Section: 008 Pattern: Calcium levels in the soil controls soil pH and species richness within a community Hypothesis 1: Calcium levels in the soil controls soil pH. Prediction: An increase in the calcium levels in the soil will make the soil less acidic. Reasoning: Calcium exists mainly in the soil as exchangeable cations (ca^2+) associated with basic anions, which reacts with soil acidity (H) to neutralize it. Analytical approach: Regression Independent variable: Calcium levels…